先天

• ピンイン: xiān tiān
• 漢字の分解: 先 = 丿+ 土 + 儿 (one who goes ahead — prior); 天 = 一 + 大 (heaven, the great above — nature)

意味

先天的な／生まれつきの

Used in both medical and non-medical contexts. In medicine: congenital defects, hereditary conditions (先天性心脏病 = congenital heart disease). In general usage: natural talent, innate disadvantages, or structural conditions that predate a system or situation. Contrasts with 后天 (acquired, postnatal). Common in philosophy, genetics, and educational discourse.

例文

1. 她在音乐方面展现出的惊人天赋令人难以置信，很多专业老师都认为这种能力有一定的先天因素。
2. 这名运动员先天的身体条件极为出色，再加上多年如一日的刻苦训练，才成就了今日的辉煌成绩。
3. 该制度设计存在先天性的制衡缺陷，使得权力监督机制在实践中难以有效发挥应有作用。

使い方ガイド

場面: medicine, education, philosophy, sport

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 儿科遗传学研究表明，许多发育障碍可追溯到基因层面的先天变异，而不只是后天环境因素，这正改变早期干预策略。(Pediatric genetics research shows that many developmental disorders can be traced to congenital genetic variations rather than just environmental factors, and this is changing early intervention strategies.)
• 讨论教育公平时，学界承认先天能力差异客观存在，但也强调高质量后天教育能弥补不足、促进流动，不能因此放弃机会均等。(In discussing educational equity, scholars acknowledge that innate ability differences objectively exist, but they also stress that high-quality education can compensate for weaknesses and promote mobility, so equal opportunity cannot be abandoned because of these differences.)

避ける言い方

• 先天 as a synonym for 'natural' in general usage when describing acquired or learned attributes — 先天 specifically denotes what is present from birth, before any experience or learning

起源と歴史

先 (before, prior) + 天 (heaven, nature — representing the natural order before human intervention)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal