毁坏

• ピンイン: huǐ huài
• 漢字の分解: 毁 = 臼 + 工 + 土 (mortar + work + earth, to demolish); 坏 = 土 + 不 (earth + not, broken/bad)

意味

（物を）損壊する、壊す

Refers to physical damage that may or may not be repairable — less total than 毁灭 (complete annihilation). Common in legal, environmental, and disaster contexts. Often used in official reports about property damage or ecological harm.

例文

1. 这场洪水毁坏了大量农田，当地政府不得不紧急调拨资金帮助受灾农民恢复生产。
2. 故意毁坏公共财物属于违法行为，情节严重者将依法承担相应的刑事责任。
3. 长期暴露在潮湿环境中，这批珍贵的历史文献已遭到严重毁坏，修复工作极为困难。

使い方ガイド

場面: legal, disaster, environment, property

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 台风过境后，沿海地区大量房屋和基础设施遭到严重毁坏，灾后重建工作将持续数年之久。(After the typhoon passed, a large number of houses and infrastructure along the coast were seriously damaged, and post-disaster reconstruction work will continue for several years.)
• 任何人不得故意毁坏他人财物，违者将承担民事赔偿责任，情节恶劣者还可能面临刑事追诉。(No one may intentionally damage another person's property; violators will bear civil liability for compensation, and those with serious circumstances may also face criminal prosecution.)

避ける言い方

• 毁坏 for emotional or reputational damage — use 损害 or 破坏名誉; 毁坏 is primarily used for physical damage to tangible objects

起源と歴史

毁 (destroy/demolish) + 坏 (broken/damaged) — to demolish and render broken

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal