患

• ピンイン: huàn
• 漢字の分解: 患 = 串 + 心 (strung-together troubles + heart, multiple burdens burdening the heart)

意味

（病気に）患う；（名詞）災い・患い

A formal, literary morpheme appearing in medical and classical contexts. As a verb, it means to contract or suffer from a disease. As a noun, it means disaster or trouble (e.g. 后患, 隐患). Appears in compounds such as 患者, 患病, 患有, 忧患.

例文

1. 他年轻时曾患结核病，经过长期治疗才得以康复。
2. 未雨绸缪，方能防患于未然，避免日后陷入更大的危机。
3. 该项目存在潜在的安全隐患，工程师建议立即进行全面排查。

使い方ガイド

場面: medical, formal writing, classical literature, risk management

トーン: serious

正しい言い方

• 据统计，全球每年有数百万人患心脑血管疾病，防控形势十分严峻。(Statistics show that millions of people worldwide suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases each year — the prevention and control situation is extremely serious.)
• 工厂设备老化严重，存在诸多安全隐患，管理方需尽快制定整改方案。(The factory equipment is severely aged and harbours numerous safety hazards; management must draw up rectification plans as soon as possible.)

避ける言い方

• 患 in everyday casual speech to mean 'get sick' — use 生病 or 得病 in colloquial contexts; 患 is formal and literary in register

起源と歴史

患 = 串 + 心 (strung together + heart — multiple troubles weighing on the heart)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal