侵害

• Pinyin: qīn hài
• Desglose de hanzi: 侵 = 亻(person radical) + 帚 + 又 (a person sweeping forward — to encroach gradually); 害 = 宀 + 丰 + 口 (harm under a roof — injury, damage)

Significado

vulnerar y causar perjuicio; infringir (derechos, intereses o salud)

A formal legal and political term. Used to describe violations of rights (侵害权益 — infringe on rights and interests), harm to health (侵害身体健康 — harm physical health), or damage to intellectual property. Distinguished from 侵犯 (to infringe/violate) in that 侵害 emphasises the resulting harm or damage, while 侵犯 focuses on the violation of a boundary.

Ejemplos

1. 平台未经授权使用创作者的作品，已构成对其著作权的侵害，法院已受理相关诉讼。
2. 任何组织或个人均不得以任何形式侵害公民的合法权益，违者将依法追究法律责任。
3. 长期暴露在高分贝噪音环境中会严重侵害工人的听力，雇主有责任采取防护措施。

Guía de uso

Contexto: law, human rights, health

Tono: negative

Correcto

• 该平台在未取得版权授权的情况下大规模复制并传播原创音乐内容，已构成对众多音乐人著作权的严重侵害，相关行业协会已联合发起诉讼。(The platform reproduced and distributed original music content on a large scale without obtaining copyright authorisation, constituting serious infringement of the copyright of numerous musicians; the relevant industry associations have jointly filed a lawsuit.)
• 新出台的个人信息保护法明确规定，任何机构收集用户数据均须取得明确授权，否则视为侵害个人隐私权，将面临高额罚款。(The newly introduced personal information protection law clearly stipulates that any institution collecting user data must obtain explicit authorisation; failure to do so is regarded as an infringement of personal privacy rights and will be subject to substantial fines.)

Incorrecto

• 他侵害了我的感情 — 侵害 is used for legal rights, health, or concrete interests; for emotional hurt use 伤害了我的感情 (hurt my feelings) or 让我很受伤 (it hurt me deeply)

Origen e historia

侵 (to encroach/invade) + 害 (to harm/injure) — to encroach upon and cause harm

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal