及其

• Pinyin: jí qí
• Hanzi breakdown: 及 = 又 + 人 (reach); 其 = 丌 + 二 (a basket on a stand — classical pronoun for 'its/their')

Meaning

And its; and their; together with its related aspects. A formal connector linking a subject to its affiliated elements.

Used in formal written Chinese to mean 'and its/their associated ___'. Common in legal documents, academic papers, and official reports: 公司及其子公司, 政策及其影响, 研究成果及其应用. Equivalent to 'and its/their' in English formal prose.

Examples

1. 董事会决定对集团公司及其下属所有子公司的财务账目进行全面审计。 The board of directors decided to conduct a comprehensive audit of the group company and all of its subsidiaries’ financial accounts.
2. 该理论及其在实践中的广泛应用已成为当代管理学领域最重要的研究课题之一。 This theory and its widespread application in practice have become one of the most important research topics in contemporary management studies.
3. 政府颁布了新的环境保护法规，明确界定了各类企业及其股东在环境治理方面的法律责任。 The government issued new environmental protection regulations, clearly defining the legal responsibilities of various enterprises and their shareholders in environmental governance.

Usage Guide

Context: legal, academic, official documents

Tone: neutral

Do Say

• 本合同约束甲方及其授权代理人在项目执行期间的所有行为与决定，任何违约行为均须承担相应法律责任。(This contract binds Party A and its authorised agents for all actions and decisions during the project execution period, with any breach of contract subject to corresponding legal liability.)
• 研究人员系统梳理了该药物的作用机制及其潜在的副作用，为临床用药指南的修订提供了重要的科学依据。(The researchers systematically reviewed the drug's mechanism of action and its potential side effects, providing important scientific evidence for the revision of clinical medication guidelines.)

Don't Say

• 及其很重要 — 及其 is not an adverb; use 极其 (extremely) if intensifying an adjective, e.g. 极其重要

Origin & History

及 (and/reach) + 其 (its/their — third-person formal pronoun)

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal