tautology
含义: The unnecessary repetition of an idea using different words, saying the same thing twice. In logic, a statement that is true by virtue of its logical form alone, regardless of the truth of its components.
Tautology has two distinct but related senses. In rhetoric and writing, it is a fault — saying 'free gift' or 'forward planning' adds nothing, and careful editors strike tautologies out. In formal logic, however, a tautology (such as 'either it is raining or it is not raining') is necessarily true and forms the backbone of propositional calculus. The rhetorical sense is always pejorative; the logical sense is neutral and technical. Both share the core idea of a statement that, in different ways, cannot be false.
例句
- The phrase 'past history' is a tautology, since history is by definition about the past. 过去的历史'是一种同义反复,因为历史从定义上就是关于过去的。La expresión «historia pasada» es una tautología, ya que la historia, por definición, trata del pasado.「過去の歴史」はトートロジーである。なぜなら歴史とは定義上、過去に関するものだからだ。과거의 역사(past history)'는 동어반복이다. 역사란 정의상 과거에 관한 것이기 때문이다.
- In propositional logic, 'P or not P' is a tautology — it holds true regardless of whether P is true or false. 在命题逻辑中,'P或非P'是一个重言式——无论P为真还是为假,它都成立。En lógica proposicional, «P o no P» es una tautología — se cumple con independencia de que P sea verdadero o falso.命題論理において、「PまたはPでない」はトートロジーであり、Pが真か偽かに関わらず成立する。명제논리에서 'P 또는 P가 아니다'는 동어반복(항진명제)이며, P가 참이든 거짓이든 관계없이 성립한다.
- The minister's speech was riddled with tautologies, repeating the same pledges in slightly different language for emphasis. 部长的演讲充斥着同义反复,用稍有不同的措辞重复着同样的承诺以示强调。El discurso del ministro estaba plagado de tautologías, repitiendo las mismas promesas con un lenguaje ligeramente diferente a modo de énfasis.大臣の演説はトートロジーだらけで、同じ公約をわずかに異なる言い回しで繰り返して強調していた。장관의 연설은 동어반복으로 가득했으며, 같은 공약을 약간 다른 표현으로 반복하여 강조했다.
发音
用法指南
语境: academic, journalism, professional
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Greek tautologia (saying the same thing), from tauto- (the same) + logos (word, speech). Entered English in the 16th century via Latin, initially as a term of rhetorical criticism.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
更多同类表达
More from General Advanced