substantive
含义: Having real importance, value, or substance; meaningful and significant rather than superficial. In law, relating to rights and obligations rather than procedural matters.
Substantive is used to distinguish what is real, meaningful, or material from what is merely procedural, cosmetic, or token. Politicians and commentators use it to separate genuine action from empty gestures: 'substantive reform' versus 'cosmetic changes.' In legal contexts, substantive law deals with the substance of rights and duties, as distinct from procedural law. The word is also used in grammar to mean 'relating to a noun.' Common collocations include 'substantive progress,' 'substantive issues,' and 'substantive change.'
例句
- The talks produced no substantive agreement, only a vague commitment to further dialogue. 会谈未产生实质性协议,仅有继续对话的模糊承诺。Las conversaciones no produjeron ningún acuerdo sustantivo, solo un vago compromiso de seguir dialogando.会談は実質的な合意に至らず、さらなる対話への漠然とした約束にとどまった。회담은 실질적인 합의에 이르지 못하고, 추가 대화에 대한 막연한 약속에 그쳤다.
- The court must address the substantive legal questions before turning to matters of procedure. 法院必须先处理实体法律问题,再转向程序事项。El tribunal debe abordar las cuestiones jurídicas sustantivas antes de ocuparse de los aspectos procedimentales.裁判所は手続的事項に移る前に、実体的な法的問題に取り組まなければならない。법원은 절차적 사항으로 넘어가기 전에 실체적인 법적 쟁점을 다루어야 한다.
- Critics dismissed the announcement as window dressing, noting the absence of any substantive policy measures. 批评者认为该声明不过是粉饰门面,指出缺乏任何实质性的政策措施。Los críticos descartaron el anuncio como mero escaparate, señalando la ausencia de medidas políticas sustantivas.批評家たちはその発表を見せかけにすぎないと退け、実質的な政策措置が一切ないことを指摘した。비평가들은 그 발표가 실질적인 정책 조치가 전혀 없다는 점을 지적하며 눈 가리고 아웅에 불과하다고 일축했다.
发音
用法指南
语境: political, legal, journalism
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Late Latin substantīvus (having substance, self-existent), from Latin substantia (substance, essence), from substāre (to stand firm, be present). Entered English in the late 15th century.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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