refrain
含义: To stop oneself from doing something; to hold back from an action or impulse, typically through self-discipline or in response to a request.
Refrain is almost always followed by 'from' and a gerund. It is the standard polite verb for official requests and public signage — 'please refrain from smoking' — making it particularly common in institutional and formal contexts. Note that 'refrain' also exists as a noun meaning a repeated line in a song, though the two uses are etymologically distinct.
例句
- Passengers are kindly asked to refrain from using mobile phones in the quiet carriage. 恳请乘客在安静车厢内不要使用手机。Se ruega a los pasajeros que se abstengan de utilizar el teléfono móvil en el vagón silencioso.乗客の皆様は静粛車両内での携帯電話のご使用をお控えくださいますようお願いいたします。승객 여러분께서는 정숙 칸에서 휴대전화 사용을 삼가 주시기 바랍니다.
- The judge instructed the jury to refrain from discussing the case with anyone outside the courtroom. 法官指示陪审团不得与法庭外的任何人讨论此案。El juez instruyó al jurado para que se abstuviera de comentar el caso con nadie fuera de la sala.裁判官は陪審員に対し、法廷外では誰ともこの事件について話し合わないよう指示した。판사는 배심원들에게 법정 밖에서 누구와도 이 사건에 대해 논의하지 말라고 지시했다.
- Despite considerable provocation, the prime minister refrained from making any personal attacks during the debate. 尽管受到了相当大的挑衅,首相在辩论中克制自己没有进行人身攻击。A pesar de la considerable provocación, el primer ministro se abstuvo de lanzar ataques personales durante el debate.かなりの挑発を受けたにもかかわらず、首相は討論中に個人攻撃をすることを控えた。상당한 도발에도 불구하고, 총리는 토론 중 어떠한 인신공격도 자제했다.
发音
用法指南
语境: professional, legal, general
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Latin refrenare (to bridle, hold back), from re- (back) + frenare (to restrain), from frenum (bridle). Entered English in the 14th century via Old French refrener.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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