quantifier
含义: In logic and linguistics, a word or expression that indicates the quantity of instances to which a predicate applies, such as 'all,' 'some,' 'none,' or 'most.'
In formal logic, the two principal quantifiers are the universal quantifier (∀, 'for all') and the existential quantifier (∃, 'there exists'). Together they form the backbone of predicate logic and mathematical proof. In linguistics, quantifiers are determiners or pronouns that specify quantity — words like 'every,' 'several,' 'few,' and 'many.' Understanding quantifier scope (which quantifier applies to what) is essential for avoiding ambiguity in legal, scientific, and philosophical writing.
例句
- The universal quantifier asserts that a property holds for every element in the domain, making it the logical equivalent of saying 'all. 全称量词断言某个性质对论域中的每个元素都成立,在逻辑上等同于说'所有'。El cuantificador universal afirma que una propiedad se cumple para todo elemento del dominio, siendo el equivalente lógico de decir «todos».全称量化子は、ある性質が定義域のすべての要素について成り立つことを主張するもので、論理的には「すべて」と言うことに等しい。전칭 양화사는 어떤 성질이 정의역의 모든 원소에 대해 성립함을 주장하는 것으로, 논리적으로 '모든'이라고 말하는 것과 동등하다.
- Ambiguity over quantifier scope is a frequent source of confusion in statutory interpretation. 量词辖域的歧义是法规解释中常见的混淆来源。La ambigüedad sobre el alcance de los cuantificadores es una fuente frecuente de confusión en la interpretación de textos legales.量化子のスコープに関する曖昧さは、法令解釈における頻繁な混乱の原因である。양화사 범위에 관한 모호성은 법령 해석에서 빈번한 혼란의 원인이다.
- In the sentence 'every student answered some question,' the relative scope of the two quantifiers determines whether all students answered the same question or different ones. 在'每个学生回答了某个问题'这个句子中,两个量词的相对辖域决定了是所有学生回答了同一个问题还是不同的问题。En la oración «every student answered some question», el alcance relativo de los dos cuantificadores determina si todos los estudiantes respondieron la misma pregunta o preguntas diferentes.「every student answered some question(すべての学生がある問題に答えた)」という文では、二つの量化子の相対的なスコープによって、全員が同じ問題に答えたのか異なる問題に答えたのかが決まる。every student answered some question(모든 학생이 어떤 문제에 답했다)'이라는 문장에서, 두 양화사의 상대적 범위에 따라 모든 학생이 같은 문제에 답했는지 다른 문제에 답했는지가 결정된다.
发音
用法指南
语境: academic, scientific
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From medieval Latin quantificare (to determine quantity), from Latin quantus (how great, how much) + facere (to make). The logical sense was developed by Frege in the late 19th century.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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