parasitism
含义: A type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another, often harming the host.
Parasitism is one of the most common ecological relationships, found in every major group of organisms. Parasites include tapeworms, fleas, mistletoe, and malaria-causing Plasmodium. The word is also used figuratively for exploitative human relationships — social parasitism, economic parasitism. It collocates with 'host,' 'relationship,' 'obligate,' and 'social.'
例句
- Parasitism by the cuckoo involves laying eggs in the nests of other bird species, tricking them into raising cuckoo chicks. 杜鹃的托卵寄生行为是将卵产在其他鸟类的巢中,骗它们抚养杜鹃雏鸟。El parasitismo del cuco consiste en poner huevos en los nidos de otras especies de aves, engañándolas para que críen los polluelos del cuco.カッコウの托卵寄生は、他の鳥類の巣に卵を産み、カッコウの雛を育てさせるというものである。뻐꾸기의 탁란 기생은 다른 새의 둥지에 알을 낳아 그들이 뻐꾸기 새끼를 키우도록 속이는 것이다.
- Malaria is caused by parasitism of human red blood cells by Plasmodium organisms transmitted through mosquito bites. 疟疾是由通过蚊虫叮咬传播的疟原虫寄生于人类红细胞而引起的。La malaria está causada por el parasitismo de los glóbulos rojos humanos por organismos del género Plasmodium, transmitidos mediante picaduras de mosquito.マラリアは、蚊の刺咬によって伝播されるマラリア原虫がヒトの赤血球に寄生することで引き起こされる。말라리아는 모기의 흡혈을 통해 전파되는 말라리아 원충이 인간의 적혈구에 기생함으로써 발생한다.
- The concept of social parasitism has been used polemically by politicians across the ideological spectrum. 社会寄生这一概念曾被各种意识形态阵营的政治家以论战方式使用。El concepto de parasitismo social ha sido utilizado de forma polémica por políticos de todo el espectro ideológico.社会的寄生という概念は、イデオロギーの立場を問わず、政治家たちによって論争的に用いられてきた。사회적 기생이라는 개념은 이념적 입장을 불문하고 정치인들에 의해 논쟁적으로 사용되어 왔다.
发音
用法指南
语境: academic, professional
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Greek parasitos (one who eats at another's table), from para- (beside) + sitos (food, grain). Originally a neutral term for a dinner guest; the negative sense of 'freeloader' developed in Greek comedy.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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