orthogonal
含义: At right angles to one another, or in broader technical usage, describing things that are independent, unrelated, or having no mutual effect on each other.
In geometry and linear algebra, orthogonal vectors meet at ninety degrees and have a dot product of zero. In statistics, orthogonal variables are uncorrelated. In software engineering and systems design, 'orthogonal' has become a popular term meaning that two features or concerns are independent — changing one does not affect the other. This figurative usage is now widespread in technology discussions and increasingly in general professional contexts. It is a favourite word of precision-minded writers seeking an alternative to 'independent' or 'unrelated.'
例句
- The two design objectives — performance and maintainability — were largely orthogonal, allowing the team to optimise each independently. 性能和可维护性这两个设计目标在很大程度上是正交的,使团队能够独立优化各自。Los dos objetivos de diseño — rendimiento y mantenibilidad — eran en gran medida ortogonales, lo que permitía al equipo optimizar cada uno de forma independiente.性能と保守性という二つの設計目標はほぼ直交しており、チームはそれぞれを独立に最適化できた。성능과 유지보수성이라는 두 설계 목표는 대체로 직교적이어서, 팀은 각각을 독립적으로 최적화할 수 있었다.
- In the Cartesian coordinate system, the x-axis and y-axis are orthogonal, intersecting at right angles at the origin. 在笛卡尔坐标系中,x轴和y轴是正交的,在原点成直角相交。En el sistema de coordenadas cartesianas, el eje x y el eje y son ortogonales, intersecándose en ángulo recto en el origen.デカルト座標系では、x軸とy軸は直交し、原点で直角に交わる。데카르트 좌표계에서 x축과 y축은 직교하며, 원점에서 직각으로 교차한다.
- The principle of orthogonal persistence ensures that the manner in which data is stored is independent of how it is accessed by the application. 正交持久性原则确保数据的存储方式独立于应用程序的访问方式。El principio de persistencia ortogonal garantiza que la forma de almacenamiento de los datos es independiente de cómo los accede la aplicación.直交永続性の原則は、データの保存方法がアプリケーションによるアクセス方法と独立であることを保証する。직교 영속성의 원칙은 데이터가 저장되는 방식이 애플리케이션이 접근하는 방식과 독립적임을 보장한다.
发音
用法指南
语境: scientific, academic, professional
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Greek orthogonios (right-angled), combining orthos (straight, right) and gonia (angle). Entered English in the 16th century; the figurative sense of 'independent' developed in the late 20th century.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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