feudal
含义: Relating to the medieval system of feudalism, in which land was granted by lords to vassals in exchange for military service and labour; informally, outdated or oppressively hierarchical.
Feudalism was the dominant social and economic system in medieval Europe, structuring society into a hierarchy from monarch to lords to knights to serfs. Each level owed obligations to the one above and received protection and land in return. In modern usage, 'feudal' is used pejoratively to describe any system or attitude that seems rigidly hierarchical, exploitative, or backward — as in 'feudal working conditions.' The noun is 'feudalism.'
例句
- Under the feudal system, peasants worked the lord's land in exchange for protection and a share of the harvest. 在封建制度下,农民耕种领主的土地以换取保护和一部分收成。Bajo el sistema feudal, los campesinos trabajaban las tierras del señor a cambio de protección y una parte de la cosecha.封建制度のもとでは、農民は保護と収穫の一部を得る代わりに領主の土地を耕しました。봉건 제도하에서 농민들은 보호와 수확물의 일부를 대가로 영주의 토지를 경작했습니다.
- The feudal structure of medieval English society was dismantled gradually over several centuries. 中世纪英国社会的封建结构经过数个世纪逐步瓦解。La estructura feudal de la sociedad inglesa medieval se desmanteló gradualmente a lo largo de varios siglos.中世イングランド社会の封建的構造は、数世紀をかけて徐々に解体されました。중세 영국 사회의 봉건적 구조는 수 세기에 걸쳐 점차적으로 해체되었습니다.
- Critics described the company's management style as feudal, with power concentrated entirely at the top. 批评者将该公司的管理风格描述为封建式的,权力完全集中在高层。Los críticos describieron el estilo de gestión de la empresa como feudal, con todo el poder concentrado en la cúpula.批評家たちは、権力が完全にトップに集中しているその会社の経営スタイルを封建的と表現しました。비평가들은 권력이 완전히 최상층에 집중된 그 회사의 경영 방식을 봉건적이라고 묘사했습니다.
发音
用法指南
语境: academic, professional, media
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Medieval Latin feudalis, from feudum (fief, estate held in trust), probably from Frankish *fehu-od (cattle property), combining *fehu (cattle, property) and *od (wealth, possession).
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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