despotic
含义: Exercising absolute power in a cruel or oppressive manner; characteristic of a despot who rules without legal or constitutional restraint.
Despotic carries a strongly negative charge, implying not merely autocratic authority but the arbitrary and often brutal exercise of it. In political science it is distinguished from mere authoritarianism by the absence of any rule of law or institutional check. The word is used of rulers, regimes, and — more figuratively — of managers, parents, or institutions perceived as overbearing. It collocates with 'despotic rule,' 'despotic regime,' 'despotic power,' and 'despotic tendencies.'
例句
- The despotic ruler silenced all dissent by shutting down independent newspapers and imprisoning opposition leaders. 这个暴君关闭了独立报纸并监禁反对派领袖,以此压制一切异议。El gobernante despótico silenció toda disidencia cerrando periódicos independientes y encarcelando a líderes de la oposición.その暴君的統治者は独立系の新聞を閉鎖し野党指導者を投獄することで、すべての反対意見を封じた。그 전제적 통치자는 독립 언론을 폐쇄하고 야당 지도자를 투옥함으로써 모든 반대 의견을 침묵시켰다.
- Historians have debated whether the Tsar's regime was merely autocratic or genuinely despotic in character. 历史学家一直在争论沙皇的政权究竟只是专制的还是真正意义上的暴政。Los historiadores han debatido si el régimen del zar era meramente autocrático o genuinamente despótico.歴史家たちは、ツァーリの政権が単に専制的であったのか、それとも真に暴政的な性格を持っていたのかについて議論してきた。역사가들은 차르의 정권이 단순히 전제적이었는지, 아니면 진정으로 폭정적인 성격을 지녔는지에 대해 논쟁해 왔다.
- Staff complained of a despotic management style in which decisions were imposed without consultation or explanation. 员工们抱怨管理层风格专制独断,决策完全不经协商或解释就强行推行。El personal se quejaba de un estilo de gestión despótico en el que las decisiones se imponían sin consulta ni explicación.従業員たちは、相談も説明もなく決定が押し付けられる専制的な管理スタイルに不満を訴えた。직원들은 상의도 설명도 없이 결정이 강제되는 전제적인 관리 방식에 불만을 토로했다.
发音
用法指南
语境: political, academic, historical, media
语气: critical
起源与历史
From Greek despotikos, from despotes meaning 'master, lord, or absolute ruler.' Entered English in the 18th century, gaining its strongly pejorative sense during the Enlightenment critique of absolute monarchy.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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