cronyism
含义: The practice of appointing friends, allies, or political supporters to positions of power or awarding them contracts and favours, regardless of their qualifications.
Cronyism differs from nepotism in that it involves friends and political allies rather than relatives. In British politics, accusations of cronyism frequently arise around honours (peerages, knighthoods), government contracts, and appointments to quangos and advisory boards. The practice undermines public trust in institutions by creating the perception that access to power depends on personal connections rather than competence. 'Chumocracy' is a more recent British coinage for the same phenomenon.
例句
- Opposition MPs accused the government of cronyism after several major contracts were awarded to firms with close ties to ministers. 数件大型合同被授予与部长关系密切的企业后,反对党议员指控政府搞任人唯亲。Los diputados de la oposición acusaron al gobierno de amiguismo después de que varios contratos importantes se adjudicaran a empresas con vínculos estrechos con los ministros.大臣と緊密な関係にある企業に複数の大型契約が発注された後、野党議員は政府の縁故主義を非難した。야당 의원들은 장관과 긴밀한 관계에 있는 기업들에 여러 대형 계약이 발주된 후 정부의 정실주의를 비난했습니다.
- The cronyism evident in the honours system — where political donors are awarded peerages — has fuelled calls for reform of the House of Lords. 荣誉体系中的任人唯亲现象——政治捐款者被授予贵族爵位——加剧了改革上议院的呼声。El amiguismo patente en el sistema de honores —donde los donantes políticos reciben títulos nobiliarios— ha alimentado las peticiones de reforma de la Cámara de los Lores.政治献金者に貴族の爵位が授与されるという栄典制度の縁故主義は、貴族院改革の要求を強めている。정치 기부자에게 귀족 작위가 수여되는 서훈 제도에서 드러나는 정실주의는 상원 개혁 요구를 부채질해 왔습니다.
- Cronyism flourishes in environments where transparency and accountability mechanisms are weak or absent. 任人唯亲在透明度和问责机制薄弱或缺失的环境中滋生。El amiguismo prospera en entornos donde los mecanismos de transparencia y rendición de cuentas son débiles o inexistentes.縁故主義は、透明性と説明責任の仕組みが弱いか欠如している環境で蔓延する。정실주의는 투명성과 책임성 메커니즘이 약하거나 부재한 환경에서 만연합니다.
发音
用法指南
语境: professional, media
语气: disapproving
起源与历史
From crony (a close friend or companion) + -ism. Crony itself is 17th-century Cambridge University slang, probably from Greek khronios (long-lasting), referring to a long-standing companion. The political sense of cronyism developed in the 19th century.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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