converse
含义: The opposite or reverse of a statement, situation, or fact. In logic, a converse is formed by switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. As a verb (with different stress), to engage in conversation.
As a noun or adjective, converse refers to the reversed or opposite version of something. In logic, the converse of 'if A then B' is 'if B then A' — which may or may not be true even if the original statement is. In everyday formal writing, 'the converse' is a common way to introduce an opposing perspective or outcome. The word is frequently confused with 'inverse' and 'contrapositive,' but each has a distinct logical meaning. The verb sense (to converse) is etymologically unrelated, deriving from a different Latin root.
例句
- The report found that wealth correlates with better health outcomes, but the converse — that poverty causes illness — requires more nuanced analysis. 报告发现，财富与更好的健康结果相关，但其逆命题——贫困导致疾病——需要更细致的分析。El informe concluyó que la riqueza se correlaciona con mejores resultados de salud, pero la conversa —que la pobreza causa enfermedad— requiere un análisis más matizado.報告書は、富がより良い健康成果と相関することを見出したが、その逆——貧困が病気を引き起こす——にはより繊細な分析が必要であるとした。보고서는 부가 더 나은 건강 성과와 상관관계가 있음을 발견했으나, 그 역 — 빈곤이 질병을 유발한다는 것 — 에는 보다 세밀한 분석이 필요하다고 했다.
- In logic, the converse of a true statement is not necessarily true: all dogs are mammals, but not all mammals are dogs. 在逻辑中，一个真命题的逆命题不一定为真：所有狗都是哺乳动物，但并非所有哺乳动物都是狗。En lógica, la conversa de un enunciado verdadero no es necesariamente verdadera: todos los perros son mamíferos, pero no todos los mamíferos son perros.論理学では、真の命題の逆は必ずしも真ではない。すべての犬は哺乳類だが、すべての哺乳類が犬とは限らない。논리학에서 참인 명제의 역은 반드시 참은 아니다. 모든 개는 포유류이지만, 모든 포유류가 개인 것은 아니다.
- The converse of the government's argument — that deregulation would stifle rather than stimulate growth — was advanced by several economists. 政府论点的逆命题——放松管制将抑制而非刺激经济增长——被几位经济学家所提出。La conversa del argumento del gobierno —que la desregulación ahogaría el crecimiento en vez de estimularlo— fue planteada por varios economistas.政府の主張の逆——規制緩和は成長を刺激するどころか抑制する——が複数の経済学者によって提唱された。정부 주장의 역 — 규제 완화가 성장을 촉진하기는커녕 오히려 억제한다는 것 — 이 여러 경제학자들에 의해 제기되었다.
发音
用法指南
语境: academic, journalism, professional
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Latin conversus, past participle of convertere (to turn around), from con- (together, intensely) + vertere (to turn). The logical sense was established in medieval scholastic philosophy.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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