commensalism
含义: A type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Commensalism is the most neutral form of symbiosis. Examples include barnacles on whales (the barnacle benefits from transport and access to food; the whale is unaffected) and birds nesting in trees. It is harder to prove in nature than mutualism or parasitism, as subtle costs or benefits may go undetected. It collocates with 'relationship,' 'between,' 'host,' and 'example.'
例句
- Commensalism is exemplified by barnacles that attach to whales, gaining transport without affecting their host. 偏利共生的典型例子是附着在鲸体上的藤壶,它们获得了运输便利而不影响宿主。El comensalismo se ejemplifica con los percebes que se adhieren a las ballenas, obteniendo transporte sin afectar a su anfitrión.片利共生の代表例は、クジラに付着して移動手段を得つつ宿主に影響を与えないフジツボである。편리공생의 대표적인 예는 고래에 부착하여 이동 수단을 얻으면서 숙주에 영향을 주지 않는 따개비이다.
- The relationship between cattle egrets and grazing cattle is often cited as commensalism, though some argue it borders on mutualism. 牛背鹭与放牧牛群之间的关系常被引用为偏利共生的例子,尽管有人认为这接近于互利共生。La relación entre las garcillas bueyeras y el ganado se cita a menudo como comensalismo, aunque algunos sostienen que roza el mutualismo.アマサギと放牧牛の関係は片利共生の例としてよく引用されるが、相利共生に近いと主張する意見もある。황로와 방목 소의 관계는 편리공생의 예로 자주 인용되지만, 상리공생에 가깝다고 주장하는 의견도 있다.
- Commensalism is sometimes difficult to distinguish from mutualism, as the impact on the host organism may be too subtle to measure. 偏利共生有时难以与互利共生区分,因为对宿主生物的影响可能过于微妙而无法衡量。El comensalismo es a veces difícil de distinguir del mutualismo, ya que el impacto sobre el organismo anfitrión puede ser demasiado sutil para medirlo.片利共生は相利共生と区別しにくい場合がある。宿主生物への影響が微細すぎて測定できないことがあるためである。편리공생은 상리공생과 구별하기 어려운 경우가 있다. 숙주 생물에 대한 영향이 너무 미미하여 측정할 수 없는 경우가 있기 때문이다.
发音
用法指南
语境: academic
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Medieval Latin commensalis (sharing a table), from com- (together) + mensa (table). Originally referred to humans sharing meals; the ecological sense was adapted in the nineteenth century.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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