chronic
含义: Of a disease or condition, persisting for a long time or constantly recurring; also used informally in British English to mean very bad or severe.
In medical contexts, chronic is contrasted with 'acute' (sudden and short-lived). Chronic conditions such as diabetes, asthma, and arthritis require ongoing management rather than a one-time cure. In British informal usage, 'chronic' can simply mean terrible or appalling, as in 'the service was chronic.' Common collocations include 'chronic pain,' 'chronic illness,' and 'chronic shortage.'
例句
- She has lived with chronic back pain for over a decade. 她已经忍受慢性背痛十多年了。Lleva más de una década conviviendo con dolor crónico de espalda.彼女は10年以上にわたって慢性的な腰痛を抱えて生活してきた。그녀는 10년 넘게 만성 요통을 안고 생활해 왔다.
- The NHS faces chronic staff shortages in several key specialities. NHS在几个关键专科面临长期的人员短缺。El NHS se enfrenta a una escasez crónica de personal en varias especialidades clave.NHSはいくつかの主要な専門分野で慢性的な人員不足に直面している。NHS는 여러 핵심 전문 분야에서 만성적인 인력 부족에 직면하고 있다.
- Chronic conditions now account for the majority of healthcare spending in the United Kingdom. 慢性疾病现在占英国医疗保健支出的大部分。Las enfermedades crónicas representan actualmente la mayor parte del gasto sanitario en el Reino Unido.慢性疾患は現在、英国の医療費支出の大部分を占めている。만성 질환은 현재 영국 의료비 지출의 대부분을 차지하고 있다.
发音
用法指南
语境: professional, media, general
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Greek khronikos (of time), from khronos (time). The medical sense — a disease lasting a long time — has been used in English since the 15th century. The informal British sense of 'very bad' emerged in the 19th century.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
更多同类表达
More from Medicine & Health