attrition
含义: The gradual reduction in strength or numbers through sustained pressure, resignation, or natural causes rather than direct action.
Attrition describes a wearing-down process. In business and HR, it refers to workforce reduction through employees leaving voluntarily rather than through layoffs — 'natural attrition.' In military contexts, a 'war of attrition' means gradually exhausting the enemy's resources. In education, it refers to students dropping out of courses. The word always implies a slow, cumulative process rather than a sudden change.
例句
- The department plans to reduce headcount through natural attrition rather than compulsory redundancies. 该部门计划通过自然减员而非强制裁员来减少人员编制。El departamento prevé reducir plantilla mediante bajas vegetativas en lugar de despidos forzosos.その部門は、強制的な人員整理ではなく自然減により人員を削減する計画だ。해당 부서는 강제 정리해고 대신 자연 감소를 통해 인원을 줄일 계획이다.
- The prolonged war of attrition left both sides exhausted and depleted of resources. 旷日持久的消耗战使双方都筋疲力尽、资源耗竭。La prolongada guerra de desgaste dejó a ambos bandos exhaustos y con los recursos agotados.長引く消耗戦で双方とも疲弊し、資源が枯渇した。장기화된 소모전으로 양측 모두 지치고 자원이 고갈되었다.
- Student attrition rates on the programme had risen to nearly thirty per cent by the second year. 该项目的学生流失率到第二年已上升至近百分之三十。La tasa de abandono estudiantil del programa había aumentado hasta casi el treinta por ciento en el segundo año.そのプログラムの学生の中途退学率は、2年目までに約30パーセントに上昇していた。해당 프로그램의 학생 중도 탈락률은 2학년까지 약 30퍼센트로 상승했다.
发音
用法指南
语境: professional, academic, media
语气: neutral
起源与历史
From Latin attritionem (a rubbing against), from atterere (to wear away), from ad- (to) + terere (to rub). Originally a theological term referring to imperfect repentance, the military and business senses developed later.
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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