贅沢
含义: Luxurious or what a treat — describes something extravagantly good, indulgent, or so fortunate it feels greedy to ask for more.
While 贅沢 literally means 'luxury' or 'extravagance,' in casual conversation it is used both to describe genuine luxury and as a humble expression meaning 'I'm being greedy to want more.' The phrase 贅沢な悩み (zeitaku na nayami, a luxurious problem) describes complaints about things that are actually enviable. It works as both sincere appreciation and self-aware humility about good fortune.
例句
- 温泉に入りながら景色を見るとか贅沢すぎる。 一边泡温泉一边看风景,太奢侈了。Mirar el paisaje mientras te bañas en aguas termales es un lujo total.온천에 들어가면서 경치를 본다니 너무 사치스럽다.
- 贅沢な悩みだけど、どっちも行きたい。 虽然是奢侈的烦恼,但两个都想去。Es un problema de ricos, pero quiero ir a los dos sitios.사치스러운 고민이지만 둘 다 가고 싶어.
- たまには贅沢してもいいよね。 偶尔奢侈一下也没关系吧。De vez en cuando está bien darse un capricho, ¿no?가끔은 사치해도 괜찮잖아.
发音
/zeː.ta.kɯ/
用法指南
语境: friends, social media, casual conversation, food reviews
语气: indulgent, appreciative, self-aware
✓ 正确说法
- 贅沢な時間だった。 (What a luxurious time that was.)真是奢侈的时光。(那真是一段奢侈的时光。)Fue un tiempo de auténtico lujo. (What a luxurious time that was.)사치스러운 시간이었어. (정말 호사스러운 시간이었다.)
- 贅沢言わないで、十分恵まれてるよ。 (Don't be greedy — you're plenty fortunate.)别太贪心了,你已经很幸运了。(别贪心了——你已经足够幸运了。)No seas codicioso, ya tienes mucha suerte. (Don't be greedy — you're plenty fortunate.)사치 부리지 마, 충분히 축복받았잖아. (욕심부리지 마 — 이미 충분히 좋은 상황이야.)
✗ 错误说法
- 本当に困っている人に「贅沢な悩みだね」は無神経 (Saying 'zeitaku na nayami da ne' to someone genuinely struggling is insensitive — it dismisses their real concerns)对真正有困难的人说「这是奢侈的烦恼」是不体贴的(对真正在困境中的人说「贅沢な悩みだね」很无情——这是在否定他们真实的困扰)Decir 'zeitaku na nayami da ne' a alguien que realmente lo está pasando mal es insensible — minimiza sus problemas reales (Saying 'zeitaku na nayami da ne' to someone genuinely struggling is insensitive — it dismisses their real concerns)진짜 힘든 상황에 있는 사람에게 '贅沢な悩みだね(사치스러운 고민이네)'는 무신경하다 (진심으로 고생하는 사람에게 쓰면 그들의 진짜 걱정을 무시하는 것이 된다)
常见错误
- Thinking 贅沢 is always negative (wasteful) — in modern casual speech it is often positive and appreciative
- Using 贅沢 in formal contexts where 豪華 (gouka) or 上質 (joushitsu) might be more appropriate
起源与历史
Standard Japanese word from Chinese-derived compound: 贅 (zei, excessive/redundant) + 沢 (taku, abundant/marsh). Originally meant wastefulness or excess, but evolved to encompass both negative extravagance and positive indulgence.
文化背景
Era: Traditional word with evolved modern casual usage
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across Japan. The wartime slogan 贅沢は敵だ (luxury is the enemy) still resonates in older generations, giving the word a slight moral undertone for some speakers.
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