適応障害
含义: Adjustment disorder — psychological distress caused by difficulty adapting to major life changes like a new job or relocation.
適応障害 gained widespread public awareness in Japan when several celebrities and public figures disclosed their diagnoses. Unlike うつ病 (major depression), 適応障害 is understood as being tied to specific stressors — a new workplace, a move, a relationship change — and is expected to improve when the stressor is removed. This distinction has made it easier for some Japanese people to seek help, as it feels less stigmatized than a depression diagnosis. It is particularly associated with workplace changes and is commonly discussed around April, when Japan's fiscal year begins and mass job transfers occur.
例句
- 転職してすぐ適応障害って診断されて、しばらく休職してた。 刚换工作就被诊断为适应障碍,休了一段时间的假。Nada más cambiar de trabajo me diagnosticaron trastorno adaptativo y estuve de baja un tiempo.이직하자마자 적응 장애 진단을 받아서 한동안 휴직했어.
- 適応障害は環境を変えれば良くなることが多いらしいよ。 听说适应障碍很多情况下换个环境就会好转。Dicen que el trastorno adaptativo suele mejorar cuando cambias de entorno.적응 장애는 환경을 바꾸면 좋아지는 경우가 많대.
- 有名人が適応障害を公表してから、周りでも理解が広がった気がする。 自从名人公开自己患有适应障碍后,感觉周围人对此的理解也增多了。Desde que algunos famosos hicieron público su trastorno adaptativo, tengo la sensación de que la gente a mi alrededor lo entiende más.유명인이 적응 장애를 공표한 이후로, 주변에서도 이해가 넓어진 것 같아.
发音
/te.ki.oː.ɕoː.ɡa.i/
用法指南
语境: workplace, healthcare, social media, daily conversation
语气: serious, informative
✓ 正确说法
- 適応障害って診断されたけど、環境変えたら良くなったよ。 (I was diagnosed with adjustment disorder, but it got better when I changed my environment.)虽然被诊断为适应障碍,但换了环境之后就好了。(I was diagnosed with adjustment disorder, but it got better when I changed my environment.)Me diagnosticaron trastorno adaptativo, pero mejoré cuando cambié de entorno.적응 장애 진단을 받았는데, 환경을 바꾸니까 좋아졌어.
- 適応障害はうつ病とは違って、原因がはっきりしてることが多い。 (Unlike depression, adjustment disorder often has a clear cause.)适应障碍和抑郁症不同,往往有明确的原因。(Unlike depression, adjustment disorder often has a clear cause.)A diferencia de la depresión, el trastorno adaptativo suele tener una causa clara.적응 장애는 우울증과 다르게, 원인이 명확한 경우가 많아.
✗ 错误说法
- 「適応障害なんて慣れれば治る」は理解不足 (Saying 'adjustment disorder will go away once you get used to it' shows a lack of understanding — the condition requires proper support)说'适应障碍习惯了就好了'是缺乏理解的表现——这种状况需要适当的支持和帮助Decir «el trastorno adaptativo se pasa en cuanto te acostumbras» demuestra falta de comprensión — el trastorno requiere un apoyo adecuado.「적응 장애는 익숙해지면 낫는다」는 이해 부족이야 — 적절한 지원이 필요한 상태다
常见错误
- Conflating 適応障害 with うつ病 — they are distinct conditions with different courses and treatments, though they can overlap
起源与历史
Medical term from 適応 (adaptation) + 障害 (disorder). Entered public consciousness in the 2010s-2020s as celebrities disclosed their diagnoses and workplace mental health became a major social issue.
文化背景
Era: 2010s-2020s, public awareness boosted by celebrity disclosures
Generation: All ages, especially working adults
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Particularly relevant around April when major job transfers (人事異動) occur at the start of the fiscal year.
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