裁量労働
含义: A discretionary work system where employees are paid based on deemed working hours regardless of actual hours worked.
裁量労働制 allows employers to set a 'deemed' number of working hours (みなし労働時間) regardless of how many hours the employee actually works. In theory, this gives workers freedom to manage their own time and rewards efficiency. In practice, critics argue it's often exploited to avoid paying overtime, as workers who routinely exceed the deemed hours receive no additional compensation. It's a contentious labor policy topic in Japan, especially after attempted reforms in 2018 were partly shelved due to data manipulation scandals.
例句
- 裁量労働だから残業代出ないんだよね。 因为是裁量劳动制，所以没有加班费。Como tengo trabajo discrecional, no cobro horas extra.재량 노동이라 잔업 수당이 안 나와.
- 裁量労働って聞こえはいいけど、結局長時間働かされてない？ 裁量劳动制听起来不错，但实际上不还是被迫长时间工作吗？El trabajo discrecional suena bien, pero al final ¿no acabas trabajando muchas horas igualmente?재량 노동이라고 하면 듣기는 좋지만, 결국 장시간 일하게 되는 거 아니야?
- 裁量労働の対象が広がるって話、労働者にとってどうなんだろう。 听说裁量劳动制的适用范围要扩大，对劳动者来说到底怎样呢。La propuesta de ampliar el trabajo discrecional a más puestos... ¿será bueno para los trabajadores?재량 노동 대상이 확대된다는 이야기가 있는데, 근로자에게 어떨까.
发音
/sa.i.ɾʲoː ɾoː.doː/
用法指南
语境: workplace, labor policy, news
语气: analytical, sometimes skeptical
✓ 正确说法
- 裁量労働って実際のところ、得する人と損する人がいるよね。 (With discretionary work, some people benefit and some lose out.)裁量劳动制实际上有人得利也有人吃亏呢。（裁量劳动制说到底，有人受益也有人吃亏。）Con el trabajo discrecional, la verdad es que unos salen ganando y otros perdiendo.재량 노동은 실제로 이득 보는 사람과 손해 보는 사람이 있지. (재량 노동제는 유리한 사람도 있고 불리한 사람도 있어.)
- 裁量労働なのに、朝9時出社を求められるのはおかしくない？ (Isn't it strange to require 9 AM arrival under a discretionary work system?)明明是裁量劳动制，却要求早上9点到岗，这不奇怪吗？（在裁量劳动制下却要求早上9点到公司，不是很矛盾吗？）¿No es raro que con un sistema discrecional te obliguen a fichar a las 9 de la mañana?재량 노동인데 아침 9시 출근을 요구하는 건 이상하지 않아? (재량 노동제인데 9시 출근을 의무화하는 건 모순 아니야?)
✗ 错误说法
- 裁量労働＝楽と単純化しない (Don't oversimplify discretionary work as 'easy' — it depends entirely on the workload and employer)不要简单地把裁量劳动制等同于'轻松'（不要简单化地认为裁量劳动制就是'轻松'——这完全取决于工作量和雇主）No simplifiques el trabajo discrecional como 'fácil': depende por completo de la carga de trabajo y del empleador재량 노동 = 편하다고 단순화하지 않기 (재량 노동을 '편하다'고 단순하게 생각하지 마 — 업무량과 고용주에 따라 완전히 달라)
常见错误
- Confusing 裁量労働 with フレックス — フレックス adjusts when you work, 裁量労働 changes how hours are counted for pay
起源与历史
Established under Japan's Labor Standards Act. Two types exist: 専門業務型 (specialized work) and 企画業務型 (planning work). Became controversial during the 2018 work-style reform debate when government data supporting its expansion was found to be falsified.
文化背景
Era: Labor Standards Act provision, controversial since 2018 reform debate
Generation: Working professionals, especially in creative and IT fields
Social background: White-collar professionals
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. A politically charged term tied to ongoing labor reform debates.
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