村八分
含义: Social ostracism — being shunned and excluded by a community for breaking unwritten rules.
Originating from Edo-period village communities, 村八分 meant cutting someone off from eight of the ten communal services (all except firefighting and funerals). In modern usage, it describes being socially frozen out by a workplace, school, neighbourhood, or online community. The term carries the weight of Japan's group-oriented social structure where exclusion from the group is one of the most severe social punishments.
例句
- ゴミの分別を間違えたら近所から村八分にされそうになった。 垃圾分类搞错了，差点被邻居们集体排挤。Por equivocarme al separar la basura, casi me hacen el vacío en el barrio.쓰레기 분리수거를 잘못했더니 동네에서 따돌림당할 뻔했어.
- 空気読まない発言したら職場で村八分になった。 说了不看气氛的话，在公司被集体孤立了。Por hacer un comentario fuera de lugar, me hicieron el vacío en la oficina.분위기 못 읽는 말을 했더니 직장에서 왕따가 됐어.
- SNSで炎上すると村八分状態になるのが怖い。 在社交媒体上被炎上后变成被集体排挤的状态，想想就可怕。Da miedo que si te linchan en las redes acabes en un estado de ostracismo total.SNS에서 논란이 되면 따돌림 상태가 되는 게 무서워.
发音
/mu.ra.ha.tɕi.bu/
用法指南
语境: social commentary, workplace, neighbourhood disputes
语气: serious, cautionary
✓ 正确说法
- 引っ越し先で村八分にならないように挨拶回りした (I did the rounds of greetings so I wouldn't get shunned at my new place)搬家后为了不被排挤，挨家挨户去打了招呼（I did the rounds of greetings so I wouldn't get shunned at my new place）Fui a presentarme a todos los vecinos para que no me hicieran el vacío en el sitio nuevo (I did the rounds of greetings so I wouldn't get shunned at my new place)이사 간 곳에서 따돌림당하지 않으려고 인사 돌았어 (새 동네에서 왕따당하지 않으려고 인사를 다녔어)
- ネットの村八分は現実以上にきついかも (Online ostracism might be even harder than in real life)网上的集体排挤可能比现实中还要残酷（Online ostracism might be even harder than in real life）El ostracismo en internet puede ser incluso peor que en la vida real (Online ostracism might be even harder than in real life)인터넷 따돌림은 현실보다 더 힘들 수도 있어 (온라인 배척은 현실보다 더 괴로울 수 있어)
✗ 错误说法
- 軽い仲間外れに「村八分」は大げさすぎる (Calling a minor case of exclusion 'murahachibu' is too dramatic)对轻微的被排挤用'村八分'这个词太夸张了（Calling a minor case of exclusion 'murahachibu' is too dramatic）Llamar «murahachibu» a un caso menor de exclusión es exagerar demasiado (Calling a minor case of exclusion 'murahachibu' is too dramatic)가벼운 따돌림에 '무라하치부'라고 하면 너무 과장이다 (사소한 따돌림에 '무라하치부'라고 하면 너무 대단하게 만드는 것이다)
常见错误
- Using 村八分 for casual social exclusion — it implies serious, community-level ostracism
- Not knowing the historical origin and the specific '8 of 10' meaning
起源与历史
From Edo-period village (村) custom where a household that violated community rules was cut off from eight (八分) of the ten communal obligations — all except firefighting and funeral services, which were too critical to withhold.
文化背景
Era: Edo period origin, still used in modern contexts
Generation: Adults 30s and above mostly, but widely understood
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Particularly relevant in close-knit communities and workplace discussions.
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