後輩
含义: A junior student, underclassman, or someone less experienced in a shared context like school, work, or a club.
後輩 is the counterpart to 先輩 in Japan's hierarchical social system. As a 後輩, you're expected to use polite language, show deference, pour drinks first, and learn from those above you. While the dynamic can feel restrictive, being a 後輩 also means receiving guidance, mentorship, and protection from 先輩. The relationship evolves over time — today's 後輩 becomes tomorrow's 先輩.
例句
- 後輩が入ってきたから、しっかり先輩らしくしないと。 后辈进来了,得好好做出前辈的样子才行。Han entrado nuevos kōhai, así que tengo que comportarme como un buen senpai.후배가 들어왔으니까 제대로 선배답게 해야지.
- 後輩に慕われる先輩になりたいな。 想成为被后辈们爱戴的前辈啊。Me gustaría ser un senpai al que los kōhai admiren.후배한테 존경받는 선배가 되고 싶다.
- 後輩の面倒見るのって大変だけど、自分も成長するよね。 照顾后辈虽然辛苦,但自己也能成长对吧。Cuidar de los kōhai es difícil, pero también te hace crecer como persona.후배 챙기는 게 힘들긴 하지만 나도 성장하게 되지.
发音
/koː.ha.i/
用法指南
语境: school, work, clubs, daily life
语气: affectionate, mentoring
✓ 正确说法
- 後輩にはちゃんと教えてあげるのが先輩の役目だよ。 (Teaching your juniors properly is a senior's responsibility.)好好教后辈是前辈的责任哦。Enseñar bien a los kōhai es la responsabilidad de un senpai.후배한테 제대로 가르쳐주는 게 선배의 역할이야. (Teaching your juniors properly is a senior's responsibility.)
- かわいい後輩が入ってきたから部活が楽しくなった。 (A cute junior joined, so club activities got more fun.)可爱的后辈加入了,社团活动变得更有趣了。Desde que entró un kōhai majo, las actividades del club se han vuelto más divertidas.귀여운 후배가 들어와서 부활이 더 재밌어졌어. (A cute junior joined, so club activities got more fun.)
✗ 错误说法
- 後輩に対して威張りすぎるとパワハラになる (Being too bossy toward juniors can cross into power harassment)对后辈太摆架子的话会变成职权骚扰Ser demasiado mandón con los kōhai puede convertirse en acoso de poder.후배한테 너무 으스대면 파워하라가 될 수 있다 (Being too bossy toward juniors can cross into power harassment)
常见错误
- Treating the 先輩/後輩 dynamic as purely negative — many Japanese people value the mentorship and bonds formed through this system
起源与历史
From 後 (after/behind) + 輩 (companion/group). Together with 先輩, it forms one of the core social relationship pairs in Japanese culture, rooted in Confucian values of respect for seniority.
文化背景
Era: Centuries-old concept, always current
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal in Japanese society
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Less well-known internationally than 先輩 but equally important in Japanese social dynamics.
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