ジョブ型
含义: A job-based employment system where employees are hired for specific roles with clearly defined duties and expertise.
ジョブ型 contrasts with Japan's traditional メンバーシップ型 employment. In a job-based system, your position has a clear job description, you're hired for specific skills, and you can be let go if the role disappears. This Western-style approach gained traction in Japan during the 2020s as companies like Hitachi and Fujitsu adopted it, sparking heated debate about whether it suits Japanese work culture.
例句
- うちの会社もジョブ型に移行するって発表があった。 我们公司宣布也要转型为岗位型雇佣了。Nuestra empresa ha anunciado que va a pasar al sistema de empleo por puesto.우리 회사도 직무형으로 전환한다는 발표가 있었어.
- ジョブ型になったら、専門スキルがない人は厳しくなるよね。 如果变成岗位型，没有专业技能的人就会很艰难了。Si se adopta el modelo por puesto, lo va a tener difícil la gente sin habilidades especializadas.직무형이 되면 전문 스킬이 없는 사람은 힘들어지겠지.
- ジョブ型雇用って聞こえはいいけど、解雇しやすくなるだけじゃないの？ 岗位型雇佣听起来不错，但不就是让解雇变得更容易了吗？El empleo por puesto suena bien, pero ¿no es simplemente una forma de facilitar los despidos?직무형 고용이라고 하면 듣기 좋지만, 해고하기 쉬워지는 것뿐 아닌가?
发音
/dʑo.bu ɡa.ta/
用法指南
语境: business, news, HR discussions
语气: analytical, professional
✓ 正确说法
- ジョブ型に変わると、自分のキャリアは自分で作らないとね。 (With the shift to job-based employment, you need to build your own career.)转向岗位型之后，就得靠自己来规划职业生涯了。（转型为岗位型雇佣后，你需要自己打造自己的职业道路。）Con el cambio al sistema por puesto, tienes que construir tu propia carrera profesional.직무형으로 바뀌면 자기 커리어는 스스로 만들어야 해. (직무 기반 고용으로 전환되면 자기 주도적 경력 개발이 필요하다는 뜻.)
- ジョブ型ってスキルある人には有利だよね。 (Job-based employment favors people with specialized skills.)岗位型对有专业技能的人来说是有利的。（岗位型雇佣对有专业技能的人有优势。）El empleo por puesto favorece a la gente con habilidades especializadas.직무형은 스킬 있는 사람에게 유리하지. (직무 기반 고용은 전문 기술이 있는 사람에게 이점이 있다는 뜻.)
✗ 错误说法
- ジョブ型を「欧米式だから絶対いい」と無批判に推すと反感を買う (Uncritically promoting job-based employment as 'better because it's Western' invites pushback)不加批判地推崇岗位型是'欧美式的所以一定好'会招致反感Promover el empleo por puesto sin espíritu crítico diciendo que «es mejor porque es el modelo occidental» genera rechazo.직무형을 '서양식이니까 무조건 좋다'고 무비판적으로 밀면 반감을 산다 — 맹목적 서양 추종으로 비칠 수 있음
常见错误
- Assuming ジョブ型 simply means 'having a job description' — it implies a fundamental shift in employment philosophy
- Not understanding the contrast with メンバーシップ型, which is essential context
起源与历史
From English 'job' + 型 (type/style). The term emerged in Japanese HR discourse in the 2010s-2020s as major corporations began transitioning from traditional membership-style employment to role-based systems modeled after Western companies.
文化背景
Era: 2010s-2020s HR buzzword, accelerated by COVID-19
Generation: Discussed by all working adults, especially HR professionals
Social background: Large corporations and business media
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. A hot-button topic in employment reform discussions.
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