働き方改革
含义: Work-style reform — the government's comprehensive initiative to reduce overwork and improve working conditions in Japan.
働き方改革 refers to the landmark 2018 legislation that introduced caps on overtime (generally 45 hours/month), mandated paid leave usage, introduced equal pay for equal work, and expanded flextime options. While the reforms were significant on paper, implementation varies widely. Large companies have largely complied, but smaller firms and certain industries still struggle. The term is used both seriously in policy discussions and sarcastically by workers who haven't seen real change.
例句
- 働き方改革で残業減ったのはいいけど、仕事量は変わってないんだよね。 工作方式改革让加班减少了是好事,但工作量一点没变啊。Con la reforma laboral se han reducido las horas extra, pero la carga de trabajo no ha cambiado.일하는 방식 개혁으로 잔업은 줄었지만, 업무량은 그대로야.
- うちの会社、働き方改革のおかげで有給取りやすくなったよ。 多亏工作方式改革,我们公司现在请带薪假容易多了。Gracias a la reforma laboral, ahora es más fácil coger vacaciones en mi empresa.우리 회사, 일하는 방식 개혁 덕분에 유급 휴가 쓰기 쉬워졌어.
- 働き方改革って名前だけで、実態が伴ってない企業多くない? 说是工作方式改革,实际上很多企业不都是只有名头没有实质吗?¿No hay muchas empresas donde la «reforma laboral» se queda solo en el nombre sin cambios reales?일하는 방식 개혁이라는 이름뿐이고 실태가 안 따라오는 기업 많지 않아?
发音
/ha.ta.ɾa.ki.ka.ta ka.i.ka.ku/
用法指南
语境: workplace, news, politics, casual conversation
语气: mixed — hopeful, skeptical, or sarcastic depending on speaker
✓ 正确说法
- 働き方改革で残業の上限ができたのは大きいよね。 (The overtime cap from work-style reform was a big deal.)工作方式改革设定了加班上限,这一步确实很重要。(工作方式改革带来的加班上限确实是一大进步。)Que la reforma laboral haya puesto un límite a las horas extra fue un gran avance, ¿no?일하는 방식 개혁으로 잔업 상한이 생긴 건 큰 변화지. (일하는 방식 개혁에 의한 초과근무 상한 도입은 큰 의미가 있어.)
- 働き方改革のおかげか、最近は定時で帰る人増えたね。 (Maybe thanks to work-style reform, more people are leaving on time lately.)也许是工作方式改革的功劳吧,最近准点下班的人多了呢。(可能多亏了工作方式改革,最近准时下班的人变多了。)Quizá gracias a la reforma laboral, últimamente más gente sale a su hora.일하는 방식 개혁 덕분인지 요즘 정시 퇴근하는 사람이 늘었어. (일하는 방식 개혁 덕분인지 최근에 정시에 퇴근하는 사람이 많아졌어.)
✗ 错误说法
- 長時間労働を強いる会社で「働き方改革」を皮肉で使うと角が立つ (Using 働き方改革 sarcastically at a company with long hours can cause friction with management)在强制长时间加班的公司里讽刺地提'工作方式改革'可能会得罪管理层(在加班严重的公司里讽刺地使用'工作方式改革'这个词,可能会和管理层产生摩擦)Usar 働き方改革 de forma sarcástica en una empresa con jornadas maratonianas puede generar conflicto con la dirección.장시간 노동을 강요하는 회사에서 '일하는 방식 개혁'을 빈정거리며 쓰면 마찰이 생길 수 있다 (장시간 근무를 시키는 회사에서 働き方改革를 비꼬아 쓰면 경영진과 마찰이 생길 수 있다)
常见错误
- Assuming 働き方改革 solved Japan's overwork problem — many see it as a step in the right direction but far from sufficient
起源与历史
The Work Style Reform Act (働き方改革関連法) was passed in June 2018 under Prime Minister Abe's cabinet, taking effect from April 2019. It was the government's response to Japan's chronic overwork problem and high-profile karoshi cases.
文化背景
Era: 2018 legislation, ongoing implementation
Generation: All working-age adults
Social background: Universal — affects all industries
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. One of the most significant labor reforms in modern Japanese history.
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