遠慮
含义: Holding back out of politeness; showing restraint by declining offers or avoiding imposing on others.
遠慮 is one of the most quintessentially Japanese social behaviors. When offered seconds at dinner, the instinct to 遠慮する (hold back) is deeply ingrained. The host then insists, and after the ritual exchange, you accept. Understanding this dance is essential for navigating Japanese social situations. Excessive 遠慮 can frustrate others, while too little marks you as inconsiderate.
例句
- 遠慮しないでもっと食べてよ。 别客气,多吃点嘛。No te cortes, come más.사양하지 말고 더 먹어.
- 最初は遠慮してたけど、結局全部食べちゃった。 一开始客气了一下,结果还是全吃完了。Al principio me contuve, pero al final acabé comiéndomelo todo.처음에는 사양했는데, 결국 전부 먹어버렸어.
- お言葉に甘えて、遠慮なくいただきます。 那就恭敬不如从命,我就不客气了。Acepto tu amable ofrecimiento, así que me sirvo sin reparo.말씀에 감사히, 사양 않고 먹겠습니다.
发音
/eɴ.ɾʲo/
用法指南
语境: hospitality, dining, social gatherings, offers and invitations
语气: polite, modest, restrained
✓ 正确说法
- お気遣いなく、遠慮しないでください (Please don't hold back, no need to be polite)请别见外,不用客气(请随意,不要拘束)お気遣いなく、遠慮しないでください (Por favor, no se corte, no hace falta tanta formalidad)お気遣いなく、遠慮しないでください (신경 쓰지 마시고, 사양하지 마세요)
- 遠慮がちな性格だからいつも損してる気がする (My reserved personality makes me feel like I always lose out)我性格太客气了,感觉总是吃亏(我太会客气了,感觉总是自己吃亏)遠慮がちな性格だからいつも損してる気がする (Mi carácter reservado hace que sienta que siempre salgo perdiendo)遠慮がちな性格だからいつも損してる気がする (사양하는 성격이라 항상 손해 보는 기분이야)
✗ 错误说法
- 遠慮している人に「遠慮するな」と強く言いすぎると逆にプレッシャー (Aggressively telling someone 'don't hold back!' can add more pressure)对正在客气的人过于强硬地说「别客气了」反而会给对方更大压力遠慮している人に「遠慮するな」と強く言いすぎると逆にプレッシャー (Insistirle enérgicamente a alguien que no se corte puede generarle aún más presión)사양하고 있는 사람에게 '사양하지 마!'라고 너무 강하게 말하면 오히려 부담이 된다
常见错误
- Taking Japanese people's initial refusal at face value — the first 遠慮 is often a social ritual, not a genuine refusal
- Never showing 遠慮 in Japanese social settings — it can make you seem rude or entitled
起源与历史
From 遠 (far) + 慮 (consideration) — literally 'far-reaching consideration.' A Confucian-rooted concept emphasising self-restraint and modesty in social interactions. The ritual of offering, declining, and re-offering is a fundamental pattern in Japanese hospitality.
文化背景
Era: Confucian origins, fundamental Japanese social protocol
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. The offer-decline-insist-accept pattern is one of the most characteristic aspects of Japanese social interaction.
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