天下り
含义: A retired government bureaucrat parachuting into a cushy executive position at a private company, often one they previously regulated.
One of the most criticized practices in Japanese politics and business, 天下り literally means 'descending from heaven.' Senior bureaucrats retire from government ministries and land high-paying positions at companies or organizations they used to oversee. Critics argue this creates corrupt relationships between government and industry, while defenders claim it provides valuable expertise to the private sector. The practice has been a recurring target of political reform.
例句
- 天下りが問題視されてるのに、全然なくならないよね。 天下り（官僚空降）一直被批评，但完全没有消失的迹象。Aunque el amakudari está señalado como un problema, no desaparece nunca.낙하산 인사가 문제시되고 있는데도 전혀 없어지질 않아.
- あの会社の役員、ほとんど省庁からの天下りだよ。 那家公司的高管，几乎都是从政府部门空降下来的。Casi todos los directivos de esa empresa son burócratas que llegaron por amakudari.저 회사 임원, 거의 다 관청 출신 낙하산이야.
- 天下りを規制する法律はあるけど、抜け穴だらけだって言われてる。 虽然有规范官僚空降的法律，但据说漏洞百出。Hay leyes que regulan el amakudari, pero dicen que están llenas de lagunas.낙하산 인사를 규제하는 법이 있긴 하지만, 허점투성이라고 해.
发音
/a.ma.ku.da.ɾi/
用法指南
语境: news, politics, casual conversation
语气: critical, political
✓ 正确说法
- 天下りって結局、税金の無駄遣いにつながるんだよね。 (Amakudari ultimately leads to wasting taxpayer money.)官僚空降说到底还是导致了纳税人的钱被浪费。（官僚空降最终导致了税金的浪费。）Al final, el amakudari lleva al despilfarro del dinero de los contribuyentes.낙하산 인사는 결국 세금 낭비로 이어지잖아. (관료 출신 낙하산 인사가 결국 납세자 돈의 낭비를 초래한다는 뜻.)
- この団体、天下り先として有名だよ。 (This organization is famous as a landing spot for retired bureaucrats.)这个机构作为官僚空降的去处很有名。（这个组织作为退休官僚的安置地很出名。）Esta organización es famosa por ser un destino de aterrizaje para burócratas jubilados.이 단체, 퇴직 관료 낙하산 자리로 유명해. (이 기관이 퇴직 관료들의 자리 보전처로 알려져 있다는 뜻.)
✗ 错误说法
- 天下りで入ってきた役員本人に「天下りですよね」は禁句 (Never say 'you're an amakudari appointee' directly to someone who came through this practice)绝对不要当面对通过这种途径进来的高管说'您是空降的吧'Nunca le digas a un directivo que llegó por amakudari «usted está aquí por enchufe del gobierno» — es un tema tabú.낙하산으로 들어온 임원 본인에게 '낙하산이시죠?'라고 하는 것은 금물 — 절대 직접 말하면 안 되는 표현
常见错误
- Not understanding the negative connotation — 天下り is almost always used critically
- Assuming it only means changing jobs — the key element is the government-to-private-sector pipeline with regulatory implications
起源与历史
Literally 'descending from heaven' (天 = heaven, 下り = descent). The term likens government positions to heaven and private sector posts to the earthly realm below. Has been used critically since the post-war period as the practice became systemic.
文化背景
Era: Post-war systemic practice, ongoing controversy
Generation: Known by all adults, especially politically aware citizens
Social background: Government officials and corporate executives
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. A staple topic in political discussion and media coverage.
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