甘え
含义: Depending on others' kindness; acting spoiled or clingy in a socially acceptable way within close relationships.
Famously analysed by psychiatrist Takeo Doi in 'The Anatomy of Dependence' (1971), 甘え describes a uniquely Japanese concept of presuming upon another's goodwill. It can be endearing (a child clinging to a parent, a partner being needy) or negative (an adult shirking responsibility). The nuance depends entirely on the relationship and context.
例句
- 彼女に甘えてばっかりだと嫌われるよ。 老是跟女朋友撒娇的话会被讨厌的哦。Si te pasas el día mimándote con tu novia, acabará cansándose de ti.여자친구한테 응석만 부리면 싫어질 거야.
- 親に甘えられるのは今のうちだよ。 能向父母撒娇就趁现在啊。Ahora es cuando puedes permitirte depender de tus padres.부모님께 응석 부릴 수 있는 건 지금뿐이야.
- たまには甘えてもいいんじゃない?一人で頑張りすぎだよ。 偶尔撒撒娇也没关系吧?你一个人太拼了。¿Por qué no te dejas mimar de vez en cuando? Te esfuerzas demasiado solo.가끔은 응석 부려도 되지 않아? 너 혼자 너무 무리하고 있어.
发音
/a.ma.e/
用法指南
语境: relationships, family, workplace critique, psychology
语气: warm or critical depending on context
✓ 正确说法
- たまには甘えさせてよ (Let me be clingy once in a while)偶尔让我撒撒娇嘛(偶尔让我黏一下)たまには甘えさせてよ (Déjame ser mimoso de vez en cuando)たまには甘えさせてよ (가끔은 응석 부리게 해줘)
- それは甘えだよ、自分でやらなきゃ (That's just being spoiled — you need to do it yourself)那是撒娇啊,你得自己做(那就是依赖别人,你得自己来)それは甘えだよ、自分でやらなきゃ (Eso es ser un consentido — tienes que hacerlo tú mismo)それは甘えだよ、自分でやらなきゃ (그건 응석이야, 네가 직접 해야지)
✗ 错误说法
- 目上の人に「甘えるな」は上から目線になる (Telling a superior 'don't be spoiled' is condescending)对长辈说「别撒娇了」会显得居高临下目上の人に「甘えるな」は上から目線になる (Decirle a un superior «no seas mimado» resulta condescendiente)윗사람에게 '응석 부리지 마세요'라고 하면 건방지게 들린다
常见错误
- Assuming 甘え is always negative — in close relationships, a healthy degree of 甘え is expected and welcomed
- Not understanding the cultural specificity — English has no single equivalent, making direct translation difficult
起源与历史
From the verb 甘える (to act spoiled/depend on). Psychiatrist Takeo Doi brought international attention to this concept in his 1971 book '甘えの構造' (The Anatomy of Dependence), arguing it is a uniquely Japanese psychological dynamic.
文化背景
Era: Classical concept, academically popularised in 1971 by Takeo Doi
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. A key concept in Japanese psychology and one of the most discussed untranslatable Japanese words.
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