Subjunctive Mood

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★☆☆ Moderate Formal
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含义: Special verb form for wishes, demands, suggestions, and hypotheticals

用于愿望、要求、建议和假设的特殊动词形式
Forma verbal especial para deseos, demandas, sugerencias e hipótesis
願望、要求、提案、仮定のための特殊な動詞形式
소망, 요구, 제안, 가정을 위한 특수 동사 형태

The subjunctive uses the base form of the verb (no -s, no past form) after verbs like suggest, demand, insist, require, recommend. Also used in 'If I were' (not 'was') and fixed phrases like 'if need be,' 'come what may.'

虚拟语气在suggest、demand、insist、require、recommend等动词后使用动词原形(没有-s,没有过去式)。也用于'If I were'(不是'was')和固定短语如'if need be'、'come what may'。
El subjuntivo usa la forma base del verbo (sin -s, sin forma pasada) después de verbos como suggest, demand, insist, require, recommend. También se usa en 'If I were' (no 'was') y frases fijas como 'if need be,' 'come what may.'
仮定法はsuggest、demand、insist、require、recommendなどの動詞の後に動詞の原形(-sなし、過去形なし)を使います。「If I were」(「was」ではない)や「if need be」「come what may」などの固定フレーズでも使われます。
가정법은 suggest, demand, insist, require, recommend 등의 동사 뒤에서 동사 원형을 사용합니다 (-s 없음, 과거형 없음). 또한 'If I were' ('was'가 아님)와 'if need be,' 'come what may' 같은 고정 표현에서도 사용됩니다.

例句

  1. I suggest that he leave immediately.' (not 'leaves')
    我建议他立即离开。'(不是'leaves')
    Sugiero que él se vaya inmediatamente.' (no 'se va')
    彼がすぐに出発することを提案します。'('leaves'ではない)
    그가 즉시 떠날 것을 제안합니다. ('leaves'가 아님)
  2. It is essential that she be informed.' (not 'is')
    她必须被告知。'(不是'is')
    Es esencial que ella sea informada.' (no 'es')
    彼女に知らせることが不可欠です。'('is'ではない)
    그녀에게 알리는 것이 필수적입니다. ('is'가 아님)
  3. If I were you, I would accept.' (not 'was')
    如果我是你,我会接受。'(不是'was')
    Si yo fuera tú, aceptaría.' (no 'era')
    もし私があなたなら、受け入れるでしょう。'('was'ではない)
    내가 당신이라면, 수락하겠습니다. ('was'가 아님)
  4. Be that as it may...' (fixed phrase)
    尽管如此……'(固定短语)
    Sea como fuere...' (frase hecha)
    それはさておき……'(固定フレーズ)
    그것은 그렇다 치고…… (고정 표현)

发音

用法指南

语境: written, formal, legal, academic

语气: formal

✓ 正确说法

  • The committee recommends that he resign.
    委员会建议他辞职。
    El comité recomienda que él renuncie.
    委員会は彼が辞任することを勧告する。
    위원회는 그가 사임할 것을 권고합니다.
  • It is vital that this information be kept confidential.
    这些信息必须保密。
    Es vital que esta información se mantenga confidencial.
    この情報を機密に保つことが不可欠だ。
    이 정보가 기밀로 유지되는 것이 중요합니다.
  • I demand that she apologize.
    我要求她道歉。
    Exijo que ella se disculpe.
    彼女が謝罪することを要求する。
    그녀가 사과할 것을 요구합니다.
  • If need be, we can postpone.
    如有必要,我们可以推迟。
    Si es necesario, podemos posponer.
    必要なら、延期できる。
    필요하다면, 연기할 수 있습니다.
  • I suggest that he leave.
    我建议他离开。
    Sugiero que él se vaya.
    彼が出発することを提案します。
    나는 그가 떠나도록 제안한다.
  • It's essential that she be informed.
    必须通知她。
    Es esencial que ella sea informada.
    彼女に知らせることが不可欠です。
    그녀에게 알리는 것이 필수적이다.

✗ 错误说法

  • I suggest that he leaves. (subjunctive uses base form)
    I suggest that he leaves.(虚拟语气用原形)
    I suggest that he leaves.(el subjuntivo usa la forma base del verbo)
    I suggest that he leaves.(仮定法は原形を使う)
    I suggest that he leaves.(가정법은 원형을 사용)
  • It's essential that she is informed. (use 'be')
    It's essential that she is informed.(应使用'be')
    It's essential that she is informed.(se usa 'be')
    It's essential that she is informed.(「be」を使う)
    It's essential that she is informed.('be'를 사용)

起源与历史

Subjunctive mood from Latin influence

文化背景

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

Regional notes: More common in American English; British often use 'should' instead

更多同类表达

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