Reduced Relatives (Past Participle)
Grammar Pattern
BritishAmericanAustralian
★★★★☆ Common
Neutral
含义: Shortening passive relative clauses
简化被动关系从句
Acortar cláusulas relativas pasivas
受動関係節を短縮する
수동 관계절 축소하기
Passive relative clauses can be reduced: 'the book that was written by...' → 'the book written by...' 'The money that was stolen...' → 'The money stolen...'
被动关系从句可以缩短：'the book that was written by...' → 'the book written by...'（...写的书）'The money that was stolen...' → 'The money stolen...'（被偷的钱...）
Las cláusulas relativas pasivas se pueden reducir: 'the book that was written by...' → 'the book written by...' 'The money that was stolen...' → 'The money stolen...'
受動関係節は短縮できます：「the book that was written by...」→「the book written by...」「The money that was stolen...」→「The money stolen...」
수동 관계절은 축소할 수 있습니다: 'the book that was written by...' → 'the book written by...' 'The money that was stolen...' → 'The money stolen...'
例句
- The email sent yesterday...' (= that was sent) 昨天发送的邮件……'（= 被发送的）El correo enviado ayer...' (= que fue enviado)昨日送信されたメール……'（= 送信された）어제 보낸 이메일은……' (= that was sent)
- Any items left behind...' (= that are left) 任何遗留下来的物品……'（= 被遗留的）Cualquier artículo dejado atrás...' (= que se deja)置き忘れた物は……'（= 残された）남겨진 물건은……' (= that are left)
- The house built in 1900...' (= that was built) 1900年建造的房子……'（= 被建造的）La casa construida en 1900...' (= que fue construida)1900年に建てられた家……'（= 建てられた）1900년에 지어진 집은……' (= that was built)
- Documents signed by the CEO...' (= that were signed) CEO签署的文件……'（= 被签署的）Documentos firmados por el CEO...' (= que fueron firmados)CEOが署名した書類……'（= 署名された）CEO가 서명한 서류는……' (= that were signed)
发音
用法指南
语境: written, formal, news
语气: concise
✓ 正确说法
- The car parked outside is mine.停在外面的车是我的。El coche estacionado afuera es mío.外に駐車している車は私のです。밖에 주차된 차는 내 것이다.
- All complaints received will be investigated.收到的所有投诉都将被调查。Todas las quejas recibidas serán investigadas.受け取ったすべての苦情は調査されます。접수된 모든 불만 사항은 조사될 것입니다.
- Money raised will go to charity.筹集的资金将用于慈善事业。El dinero recaudado irá a caridad.集められた資金は慈善事業に寄付されます。모금된 금액은 자선 단체에 기부됩니다.
- The house built in 1900.建于1900年的那栋房子。La casa construida en 1900.1900年に建てられた家。1900년에 지어진 집.
✗ 错误说法
- The house being built in 1900. (use 'built' for completed action)The house being built in 1900.（已完成的动作用'built'）The house being built in 1900. (para una acción completada, usar 'built')The house being built in 1900.（完了した動作には「built」を使う）The house being built in 1900. (완료된 동작에는 'built'를 사용해야 함)
起源与历史
Past participle reduction
文化背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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