Advanced Vocabulary Starting with "R"
201 entries
- radar A detection system that transmits radio waves and analyses their reflections ...
- radicalisation The process by which a person or group comes to adopt increasingly extreme po...
- radioactive Emitting or relating to the emission of ionising radiation or particles cause...
- radiograph An image produced on a sensitive surface by X-rays or other forms of radiatio...
- radiology The branch of medicine that uses imaging techniques — such as X-rays, CT scan...
- radiotherapy The treatment of cancer and other diseases using controlled doses of radiatio...
- radius A straight line from the centre of a circle or sphere to any point on its cir...
- ramification A consequence of an action or event, especially one that is complex, far-reac...
- rancour Bitter, deep-seated resentment or ill will that persists over time. Stronger ...
- rapacious Aggressively greedy or grasping, especially in the pursuit of wealth or resou...
- rapprochement The re-establishment of harmonious relations between parties that have been e...
- rapture A feeling of intense pleasure, delight, or love that absorbs the mind entirel...
- rasping Harsh, grating, and rough in sound, as if produced by friction or scraping; c...
- ratify To formally approve or confirm a treaty, agreement, or decision, giving it of...
- rationale The underlying reasons or logical basis for a decision, action, or belief; th...
- rationalise To reorganise a business, system, or process to make it more efficient, often...
- rationalism The philosophical theory that reason and logical thinking, rather than experi...
- rationalist A person who regards reason and logical analysis as the primary source of kno...
- ravine A deep, narrow valley or gully, smaller than a canyon, typically formed by th...
- reactance The component of impedance in an AC circuit caused by capacitance or inductan...
- reactionary Opposing political or social progress and seeking to return to a former, usua...
- reagent A substance used to bring about a chemical reaction, especially one employed ...
- realism The quality of representing things as they actually are; an artistic and lite...
- realist A person who accepts and deals with situations as they actually are, rather t...
- rearguard The soldiers or units positioned at the rear of an army to protect it during ...
- rebate A partial refund to someone who has paid too much for something, especially a...
- rebellion An act of armed resistance or defiance against an established government or r...
- rebuke To express sharp disapproval or criticism towards someone, typically from a p...
- rebut To claim or prove that evidence or an accusation is false, typically by prese...
- recalcitrant Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline;...
- recalibrate To adjust or correct a measuring instrument, system, or approach in light of ...
- recapitulate To summarise and state again the main points of something; to go over the key...
- recapitulation A summary that restates the main points of an argument, narrative, or discuss...
- receivable Amounts of money owed to a business by its customers or clients; in accountin...
- recession A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial acti...
- recharge In hydrology, the process by which water percolates through the soil and rock...
- recidivism The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend, or the rate at which releas...
- reciprocal A quantity obtained by dividing one by a given number or expression, or an ad...
- reciprocity The practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit; the princip...
- reckless Heedless of danger or the consequences of one's actions; acting with a lack o...
- recklessly With a complete disregard for danger, consequences, or the safety of others; ...
- reclamation The process of claiming something back or of returning land to a usable state...
- recluse A person who lives a solitary life and avoids contact with other people, ofte...
- reconcile To make two accounts, statements, or sets of figures consistent with each oth...
- reconciliation The restoration of friendly relations after a period of conflict or estrangem...
- recondite Obscure, little known, or dealing with a subject matter so specialised that i...
- reconfigure To rearrange or restructure the elements of a system, space, or organisation ...
- reconstitute To form or build something again, especially an organisation, committee, or s...
- recoup To recover or regain money that has been spent or lost, typically through sub...
- recourse The use of a particular course of action, source of help, or remedy when othe...
- recruitment The process of finding and hiring new employees or attracting new members to ...
- rectangular Having the shape of a rectangle, with four right angles and opposite sides of...
- rectifier An electrical device that converts alternating current to direct current by a...
- rectify To put right something that is wrong, faulty, or unsatisfactory, especially t...
- recurrent Occurring repeatedly or returning after a period of improvement. In medicine,...
- recursive Relating to or involving a process in which a function or procedure calls its...
- redact To edit or censor a document by removing or obscuring sensitive, confidential...
- redeem To compensate for faults or bad aspects of something; to fulfil a promise or ...
- redemption The act of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil; the process of reg...
- redolent Strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something. Also used literally to mean ...
- redoubtable Commanding respect or fear; formidable, especially as an opponent or competit...
- redress To remedy or set right an injustice, grievance, or imbalance. As a noun, comp...
- reducible Capable of being simplified, broken down, or converted into a more basic or f...
- reductio Short for reductio ad absurdum: a method of argument that disproves a proposi...
- reductive Tending to present a subject or problem in a simplified or oversimplified for...
- redundant No longer needed or useful; (in British English) dismissed from employment be...
- referendum A direct vote by the electorate on a specific political question or proposed ...
- refined Elegant and cultured in manner and taste; having undergone a process of purif...
- reflective Given to or characterised by deep, careful thought. Also, relating to or capa...
- reforestation The replanting of trees on land that was previously forested but has been cle...
- reformation A major movement or period of reform; specifically (capitalised), the 16th-ce...
- refraction The change in direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another, ca...
- refractive Relating to the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, or ...
- refrain To stop oneself from doing something; to hold back from an action or impulse,...
- refurbish To renovate, redecorate, or restore something — typically a building, room, o...
- refutation The act of proving a statement, theory, or argument to be wrong or false, typ...
- refute To prove that a statement, theory, or accusation is wrong or false by providi...
- regal Resembling, befitting, or characteristic of a monarch; impressively dignified...
- regency A period during which a country is governed by a regent acting on behalf of a...
- regenerate To bring new and more vigorous life to an area, institution, or system; to re...
- regeneration The renewal and transformation of a run-down urban area through investment, d...
- regression A return to a former or less developed state; in psychology, reverting to ear...
- rehabilitate To restore someone to health or normal life through therapy and training afte...
- rehabilitation The process of restoring someone to health or normal life through therapy and...
- reification The treatment of an abstract concept as if it were a concrete, tangible thing...
- reimburse To repay money that someone has spent on your behalf, or to compensate them f...
- reimbursement The repayment of money spent on behalf of another person or organisation; com...
- reincorporate To include something again as part of a larger whole after it has been separa...
- reinforce To strengthen or support something by adding extra material, personnel, or em...
- reinforcement The process of encouraging or strengthening a pattern of behaviour through re...
- reinstate To restore someone or something to a former position, right, or condition, es...
- reintegrate To restore someone or something to a position within a larger group, system, ...
- reinvigorate To restore vigour, energy, or effectiveness to something that has become tire...
- reiterate To say or state something again, typically for emphasis or clarity.
- rejuvenate To make someone or something look or feel younger, fresher, or more lively; t...
- relativism The philosophical position that knowledge, truth, or morality exist only in r...
- relativist A person who holds that knowledge, truth, or morality are not absolute but de...
- relegate To assign to a lower rank, position, or status; in British football, to move ...
- relent To become less severe, harsh, or determined; to soften one's stance or abando...
- relentless Unceasingly intense, harsh, or severe; showing no abatement of determination,...
- relentlessly In a manner that never stops or weakens, showing no abatement in intensity, s...
- relic An object, custom, or belief that has survived from an earlier period, often ...
- relinquish To voluntarily give up a right, possession, or claim; to let go of something ...
- remand To send an accused person back into custody or release them on bail while awa...
- remedial Intended to correct or improve a deficiency, especially in learning or skills...
- remediation The action of reversing or stopping environmental damage, particularly the cl...
- remedy As a verb, to set right or cure an undesirable situation or condition. As a n...
- remission A temporary or permanent decrease in the severity of disease symptoms; in oth...
- remit The scope of authority, responsibility, or area of activity assigned to an or...
- remittance A sum of money sent as payment or transferred to another party, especially fu...
- remonstrate To make a forceful protest or objection, typically in a reasoned rather than ...
- remuneration Payment or compensation received for work or services; the total financial pa...
- renaissance A revival of interest in or a period of renewed activity in something; when c...
- renal Relating to the kidneys. Used extensively in medical and scientific contexts ...
- renegade A person who deserts and betrays a group, cause, or set of principles they fo...
- renewable Capable of being replenished naturally, especially referring to energy source...
- renounce To formally declare one's abandonment of a claim, right, belief, or course of...
- renovation The process of restoring and improving a building or structure, typically to ...
- renowned Famous and widely admired, typically for a particular skill, quality, or achi...
- reparation The making of amends for a wrong; compensation paid by a defeated nation for ...
- repatriate To send or bring someone back to their own country, or to transfer money or a...
- repatriation The return of a person to their own country, or the return of something (such...
- repeal To officially revoke or annul a law, act of parliament, or regulation so that...
- repercussion An unintended consequence of an action or event, especially an unwelcome one ...
- repertoire The complete list of works that a performer, musician, or company is prepared...
- replenish To fill something up again after it has been depleted, restoring stocks, supp...
- replete Filled or well-supplied with something; abundantly provided. Can also mean co...
- replicate To reproduce or copy something exactly; in research, to repeat an experiment ...
- repository A place, building, or container where things are stored or can be found; in c...
- reprehensible Deserving strong criticism or condemnation; morally wrong to a degree that de...
- repression The unconscious exclusion of painful memories, thoughts, or desires from awar...
- repressive Serving to restrain, suppress, or inhibit freedoms, expression, or dissent, e...
- reprobate An unprincipled or morally disreputable person. Often used with affectionate ...
- repudiate To reject or refuse to accept something firmly and decisively, especially an ...
- repugnant Extremely distasteful or morally offensive; arousing strong feelings of revul...
- repurpose To adapt or convert something for use in a different way or for a different f...
- requisite Necessary or required for a particular purpose; as a noun, something that is ...
- requisition To formally demand or take possession of property, supplies, or resources for...
- rescind To officially cancel or withdraw a law, order, agreement, or decision, render...
- rescission The formal revocation, cancellation, or annulment of a law, contract, or agre...
- resection The surgical removal of part or all of an organ or tissue, most commonly perf...
- resettlement The process of settling people in a new place, particularly refugees or displ...
- resilience The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; the ability of a system, c...
- resistivity An intrinsic property of a material that quantifies how strongly it opposes t...
- resistor An electronic component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical curre...
- resolute Admirably purposeful, determined, and unwavering in one's course of action or...
- resolutely In a determined, unwavering manner, showing firm purpose and resolve in the f...
- resonance The quality in a sound of being deep, full, and reverberating; in physics, th...
- resonant Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or reverberate; evoking strong feelings,...
- resourcefulness The ability to find quick, clever ways to overcome difficulties; practical in...
- respiration The process of breathing; also the set of metabolic reactions in cells that c...
- respirator A device worn over the mouth and nose to filter inhaled air, or a machine tha...
- respiratory Relating to or affecting breathing or the organs and structures involved in b...
- resplendent Dazzlingly beautiful or impressive; shining brilliantly with colour, light, o...
- respondent A person against whom a petition, appeal, or legal application is brought, re...
- restitution The restoration of something lost or stolen to its rightful owner; compensati...
- restive Unable to remain still, patient, or content; feeling restless and agitated, e...
- restoration The act of returning something to its original condition, or the reinstatemen...
- restrictive Imposing limitations on activities, freedom, or rights; preventing free actio...
- restructure To organise something differently; to change the structure of a company, syst...
- resurgent Rising or becoming active again after a period of decline, dormancy, or suppr...
- resuscitate To revive someone from unconsciousness or apparent death, typically through m...
- resuscitation The act of reviving someone from unconsciousness, cardiac arrest, or apparent...
- retaliation The act of fighting back or taking revenge against someone for harm or wrong ...
- retention The continued possession, use, or control of something; the ability to keep o...
- reticent Not readily revealing one's thoughts or feelings; inclined to say little, esp...
- retraction A formal withdrawal of a previous statement, claim, or publication, typically...
- retractor A surgical instrument used to hold back the edges of a wound or incision, or ...
- retribution Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act; jus...
- retrofit To add new technology, components, or features to an existing system, buildin...
- retrospect The act of looking back on or reviewing past events, situations, or experienc...
- retrospective Looking back on or dealing with past events; (as noun) an exhibition or revie...
- revenue The total income generated by a business or organisation from its normal acti...
- reverb The persistence of sound after the original source has stopped, caused by mul...
- revere To regard someone or something with deep respect, admiration, or devotion, of...
- reverent Showing deep respect, awe, or veneration, especially towards something sacred...
- reverie A state of pleasant, dreamy abstraction or absent-minded musing; a daydream.
- revile To criticise someone or something in an abusive or scornful manner; to subjec...
- revisionism The practice of reinterpreting or challenging accepted historical narratives,...
- revitalise To give new life, energy, or vitality to something that has declined or becom...
- revoke To officially take back or withdraw a licence, privilege, right, or permissio...
- revolutionary Involving or causing a complete and dramatic change; relating to or engaged i...
- rhetoric The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; language designed to ...
- rhetorical Relating to the art of persuasive speaking or writing, or (of a question) ask...
- righteous Morally justified and correct; acting in accordance with what is right and ju...
- rigorous Extremely thorough, careful, and precise; adhering strictly to standards or r...
- rigorously In an extremely thorough, strict, and exacting manner; with the highest degre...
- riparian Relating to or situated on the banks of a river or stream. Used in ecology, l...
- rivet A short metal pin or bolt used to hold together metal plates, with its headle...
- robust Strong, healthy, and vigorous. When describing an argument, system, or approa...
- robustness The quality of being strong, resilient, and able to withstand adverse conditi...
- romanticism A late 18th and early 19th-century artistic and intellectual movement emphasi...
- rote Mechanical or habitual repetition as a means of learning, without necessarily...
- rubric A set of criteria or guidelines used to assess and grade student work; more b...
- ruddy Having a healthy reddish colour in the face, suggesting vigour and time spent...
- rudiment The most basic or elementary principles of a subject, skill, or field of know...
- rudimentary Involving or limited to basic principles or the most fundamental level; not f...
- ruminate To think deeply and at length about something, often turning it over repeated...
- runoff The draining away of water or other substances from the surface of an area, e...
- runtime The period during which a computer program is executing; also the software en...
- rustic Having the qualities associated with the countryside; simple, rough, or unsop...