turbulent
Meaning: Characterised by conflict, disorder, or disturbance; not controlled or calm. Also describes irregular, agitated movement of air or water.
Turbulent can describe physical phenomena (turbulent airflow, turbulent seas) or figurative situations (turbulent times, turbulent relationships). In physics, turbulent flow contrasts with laminar flow. Figuratively, it suggests upheaval, unrest, and instability over a period of time. It collocates with 'times,' 'period,' 'waters,' 'history,' and 'relationship.'
Examples
- The airline warned passengers to expect turbulent conditions over the Atlantic. 航空公司提醒乘客,预计在大西洋上空会遇到气流颠簸。La aerolínea advirtió a los pasajeros de que cabía esperar condiciones de turbulencia sobre el Atlántico.航空会社は乗客に対し、大西洋上空で乱気流が予想されると警告しました。항공사는 승객들에게 대서양 상공에서 난기류가 예상된다고 경고했습니다.
- The country endured a turbulent decade of political upheaval and economic instability. 该国经历了政治动荡和经济不稳定的动荡十年。El país sufrió una década turbulenta de agitación política e inestabilidad económica.その国は政治的混乱と経済的不安定に見舞われた激動の10年を経験しました。그 나라는 정치적 격변과 경제적 불안정으로 점철된 격동의 10년을 견뎌냈습니다.
- Their turbulent relationship was marked by frequent arguments and passionate reconciliations. 他们动荡的关系以频繁的争吵和激烈的和好为特征。Su turbulenta relación estaba marcada por frecuentes discusiones y apasionadas reconciliaciones.彼らの波乱に満ちた関係は、頻繁な口論と情熱的な仲直りが特徴でした。그들의 격동적인 관계는 잦은 다툼과 열정적인 화해로 특징지어졌습니다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: general, academic, media
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
From Latin turbulentus (full of commotion), from turba (turmoil, crowd). Entered English in the late 16th century via Old French turbulent.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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