How do you use "recalcitrant" in a sentence?

The headmaster struggled to deal with a handful of recalcitrant pupils who disrupted every lesson. Several recalcitrant member states blocked the proposed EU regulation. The recalcitrant infection failed to respond to three different courses of antibiotics.

recalcitrant

Advanced Vocabulary Word British ★★★☆☆ Moderate Formal

Practice this with flashcards, quizzes & audio on WordLoci →

Meaning: Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline; stubbornly resistant to control.

对权威或纪律持顽固的不合作态度的；固执地抗拒管控。

Que mantiene una actitud obstinadamente rebelde ante la autoridad o la disciplina; tercamente resistente al control.

権威や規律に対して頑固に非協力的な態度をとる。支配に執拗に抵抗する。

권위나 규율에 대해 완고하게 비협조적인 태도를 보이는. 통제에 끈질기게 저항하는.

Recalcitrant implies active resistance or defiance, not merely passive stubbornness. It suggests someone who kicks back against authority or control. It can also describe things that are difficult to manage or treat (recalcitrant infections, recalcitrant materials). It collocates with 'student,' 'member,' 'debtor,' 'behaviour,' and 'infection.'

'recalcitrant'暗示积极的抵抗或反抗，而非仅仅是消极的固执。它暗示某人在踢回、反抗权威或控制。该词也可以形容难以管理或治疗的事物（recalcitrant infections，难治性感染；recalcitrant materials，难处理的材料）。它常与'student''member''debtor''behaviour'和'infection'搭配使用。

Recalcitrant implica resistencia activa o desafío, no mera testarudez pasiva. Sugiere a alguien que se revuelve contra la autoridad o el control. También puede describir cosas difíciles de gestionar o tratar (infecciones recalcitrantes, materiales recalcitrantes). Se combina con «student», «member», «debtor», «behaviour» e «infection».

「recalcitrant」は単なる受動的な頑固さではなく、能動的な抵抗や反抗を含意する。権威や管理に対して反発する人を表す。管理や治療が困難なもの（recalcitrant infections＝難治性の感染症、recalcitrant materials＝扱いにくい素材）にも使える。「student」「member」「debtor」「behaviour」「infection」と共起する。

Recalcitrant는 단순히 수동적인 고집이 아니라, 적극적인 저항이나 반항을 암시합니다. 권위나 통제에 반발하는 사람을 나타냅니다. 또한 관리하거나 치료하기 어려운 것들(난치성 감염, 다루기 힘든 재료)을 묘사하는 데에도 쓸 수 있습니다. 'student(학생)', 'member(구성원)', 'debtor(채무자)', 'behaviour(행동)', 'infection(감염)'과 잘 어울립니다.

Examples

The headmaster struggled to deal with a handful of recalcitrant pupils who disrupted every lesson.
校长对付几个捣乱课堂的顽劣学生感到很头疼。
El director tuvo dificultades para lidiar con un puñado de alumnos recalcitrantes que perturbaban cada clase.
校長は、毎回の授業を妨害する数名の反抗的な生徒への対応に苦慮しました。
교장은 매 수업을 방해하는 몇몇 반항적인 학생들을 다루는 데 어려움을 겪었습니다.
Several recalcitrant member states blocked the proposed EU regulation.
几个不服管的成员国阻止了拟议中的欧盟法规。
Varios Estados miembros recalcitrantes bloquearon el reglamento comunitario propuesto.
数か国の反抗的な加盟国が、提案されたEU規制を阻止しました。
여러 반항적인 회원국들이 제안된 EU 규정을 저지했습니다.
The recalcitrant infection failed to respond to three different courses of antibiotics.
这种难治性感染对三种不同疗程的抗生素均无反应。
La infección recalcitrante no respondió a tres ciclos distintos de antibióticos.
その難治性の感染症は、3種類の異なる抗生物質の投与に反応しませんでした。
그 난치성 감염은 세 차례의 서로 다른 항생제 치료에도 반응하지 않았습니다.

Pronunciation

Usage Guide

Context: academic, professional

Tone: neutral

Origin & History

From Latin recalcitrantem, present participle of recalcitrare (to kick back), from re- (back) and calcitrare (to kick), from calx (heel). The vivid metaphor of a horse kicking back at its rider captures the defiant quality of the word.

Cultural Context

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal