patriarch
Meaning: The male head of a family or tribe; more broadly, a senior figure who holds authority or influence within a group or institution.
In religious contexts, patriarch refers to the biblical founders of the Israelite nation (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) or to senior bishops in Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches. In social and historical discussions, the term connects to patriarchy — systems where men hold primary authority. It can be used neutrally to describe an elderly respected figure or critically when discussing gender power structures.
Examples
- The patriarch of the family presided over every important decision, from marriages to business dealings. 这位家族族长主持每一项重要决策,从婚姻到商业事务。El patriarca de la familia presidía cada decisión importante, desde los matrimonios hasta los negocios.その家族の家長は、結婚から商取引に至るまで、あらゆる重要な決定を取り仕切っていました。가문의 가부장은 결혼에서 사업 거래에 이르기까지 모든 중요한 결정을 주재했습니다.
- Abraham is revered as a patriarch in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alike. 亚伯拉罕在犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教中均被尊为族长。Abraham es venerado como patriarca tanto en el judaísmo como en el cristianismo y el islam.アブラハムはユダヤ教、キリスト教、イスラム教のいずれにおいても族長として崇められています。아브라함은 유대교, 기독교, 이슬람교 모두에서 족장으로 공경받고 있습니다.
- As patriarch of the firm, he resisted every attempt at modernisation until his retirement. 作为公司的元老,他在退休前一直抵制所有现代化的尝试。Como patriarca de la empresa, se resistió a todo intento de modernización hasta su jubilación.会社の重鎮として、彼は退職するまであらゆる近代化の試みに抵抗しました。회사의 원로로서 그는 은퇴할 때까지 모든 근대화 시도에 저항했습니다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: academic, media
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
From Greek patriarkhes (chief of a family), combining patria (family, lineage) and arkhein (to rule). Entered English via Latin patriarcha in the 12th century.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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