overshoot
Meaning: The extent to which a system's response exceeds its intended target or set point before settling, or more broadly, to go beyond a desired limit or goal.
In control engineering, overshoot is a key performance metric: excessive overshoot in a temperature controller might cause overheating, while in a robotic arm it could mean imprecise positioning. In economics and ecology, the term describes situations where consumption or population growth exceeds sustainable capacity. The word functions as both a noun and a verb, and its figurative use in policy discussions and journalism has grown significantly.
Examples
- The step response showed a fifteen per cent overshoot, indicating that the controller's proportional gain was set too high. 阶跃响应显示有百分之十五的超调,表明控制器的比例增益设置过高。La respuesta al escalón mostró un sobreimpulso del quince por ciento, lo que indicaba que la ganancia proporcional del controlador estaba ajustada demasiado alta.ステップ応答は15パーセントのオーバーシュートを示し、制御器の比例ゲインが高すぎることを示唆していた。스텝 응답은 15퍼센트의 오버슈트를 보여, 제어기의 비례 이득이 너무 높게 설정되어 있음을 나타냈다.
- Economists warned that the central bank's aggressive rate rises risked an overshoot that could tip the economy into recession. 经济学家警告说,央行激进的加息举措存在超调风险,可能将经济推入衰退。Los economistas advirtieron de que las agresivas subidas de tipos del banco central corrían el riesgo de producir un sobreimpulso que podría llevar la economía a la recesión.経済学者たちは、中央銀行の積極的な利上げがオーバーシュートのリスクを伴い、経済を景気後退に陥らせる可能性があると警告した。경제학자들은 중앙은행의 공격적인 금리 인상이 오버슈트 위험을 수반하여 경제를 불황에 빠뜨릴 수 있다고 경고했다.
- Earth Overshoot Day — the date when humanity has used more resources than the planet can regenerate in a year — fell earlier than ever. 地球超载日'——人类消耗的资源超过地球一年再生能力的日期——比以往任何时候都来得更早。El Día de la Sobrecapacidad de la Tierra —la fecha en que la humanidad ha consumido más recursos de los que el planeta puede regenerar en un año— se adelantó más que nunca.アース・オーバーシュート・デー——人類がその年に地球が再生できる以上の資源を消費した日——は過去最も早く到来した。지구 오버슈트의 날——인류가 그해에 지구가 재생할 수 있는 것보다 더 많은 자원을 사용한 날——은 역대 가장 이른 시기에 도래했다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: scientific, professional, general
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
From Old English ofer (over, beyond) and sceotan (to shoot). The literal sense of shooting beyond a target dates to the 16th century; the technical control systems meaning developed in the 20th century.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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