manuscript
Meaning: A handwritten or typed document, especially an author's original text before publication; a book or document written by hand before the invention of printing.
In historical contexts, manuscripts refer to handwritten texts from before the age of printing — including illuminated manuscripts, which are decorated with elaborate illustrations and gold leaf. Famous examples include the Book of Kells and the Lindisfarne Gospels. In publishing, a manuscript is the text submitted by an author to a publisher. In academic research, 'manuscript' refers to a paper submitted to a journal for peer review. The abbreviation 'MS' (plural 'MSS') is standard.
Examples
- The Lindisfarne Gospels is one of the finest illuminated manuscripts to survive from the early medieval period. 《林迪斯法恩福音书》是中世纪早期流传至今的最精美的彩绘手稿之一。Los Evangelios de Lindisfarne son uno de los manuscritos iluminados más exquisitos conservados del período altomedieval.リンディスファーン福音書は、初期中世から現存する最も優れた彩飾写本の一つです。린디스판 복음서는 초기 중세에서 현존하는 가장 뛰어난 채색 사본 중 하나입니다.
- She submitted her manuscript to three publishers before receiving an offer. 她向三家出版社提交了手稿后才收到出版邀约。Envió su manuscrito a tres editoriales antes de recibir una oferta.彼女は出版のオファーを受けるまでに、3社の出版社に原稿を提出しました。그녀는 출판 제의를 받기까지 세 곳의 출판사에 원고를 제출했습니다.
- The researcher discovered a previously unknown manuscript in the university's special collections library. 研究人员在大学特藏图书馆发现了一份此前未知的手稿。El investigador descubrió un manuscrito hasta entonces desconocido en la biblioteca de fondos especiales de la universidad.研究者は大学の特別コレクション図書館で、これまで知られていなかった写本を発見しました。연구자는 대학의 특별 소장 도서관에서 이전에 알려지지 않았던 사본을 발견했습니다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: academic, professional
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
From Medieval Latin manuscriptum (document written by hand), combining manus (hand) and scriptus (written), past participle of scribere (to write). Entered English in the 16th century.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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