longitudinal
Meaning: Relating to a study conducted over a long period of time, tracking the same subjects; also relating to length or longitude.
A longitudinal study observes the same variables repeatedly over an extended period, sometimes decades. This design is powerful for identifying trends and causal relationships but is expensive and time-consuming. The term contrasts with 'cross-sectional,' which examines data from a single point in time.
Examples
- The longitudinal study tracked participants' health outcomes over a thirty-year period. 该纵向研究追踪了参与者三十年的健康结果。El estudio longitudinal siguió los resultados de salud de los participantes durante un período de treinta años.その縦断研究は、30年にわたって参加者の健康状態を追跡した。그 종단 연구는 30년에 걸쳐 참가자들의 건강 결과를 추적했다.
- Longitudinal data allows researchers to observe how attitudes change across generations. 纵向数据使研究者能够观察态度如何随世代变化。Los datos longitudinales permiten a los investigadores observar cómo cambian las actitudes a lo largo de las generaciones.縦断データにより、研究者は世代を超えて態度がどのように変化するかを観察することができる。종단 데이터를 통해 연구자들은 세대에 걸친 태도의 변화를 관찰할 수 있다.
- A longitudinal analysis of the labour market revealed a steady decline in manufacturing jobs. 对劳动力市场的纵向分析揭示了制造业岗位的持续下降。Un análisis longitudinal del mercado laboral reveló un descenso constante de los empleos en el sector manufacturero.労働市場の縦断分析により、製造業の雇用が着実に減少していることが明らかになった。노동시장의 종단 분석 결과, 제조업 일자리가 꾸준히 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: academic
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
From medieval Latin longitudinalis, from Latin longitudo (length), from longus (long). First used in English in the 18th century in its research sense.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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