genome
Meaning: The complete set of genetic material (DNA) contained in an organism, including all of its genes.
The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, mapped all the genes in human DNA and was a landmark achievement in biology. Genomics is the study of genomes and their functions. Genome sequencing has applications in medicine (personalised treatments), forensics, agriculture, and evolutionary biology. The adjective is 'genomic.' Common collocations include 'human genome,' 'genome sequencing,' 'genomic data,' and 'genome editing.'
Examples
- The Human Genome Project identified approximately twenty thousand protein-coding genes in human DNA. 人类基因组计划确定了人类DNA中约两万个蛋白质编码基因。El Proyecto del Genoma Humano identificó aproximadamente veinte mil genes codificadores de proteínas en el ADN humano.ヒトゲノム計画は、ヒトDNAにおよそ2万のタンパク質コード遺伝子を同定した。인간 게놈 프로젝트는 인간 DNA에서 약 2만 개의 단백질 코딩 유전자를 확인했다.
- Advances in genome sequencing have made personalised medicine a realistic prospect. 基因组测序的进步使个性化医疗成为现实可能。Los avances en la secuenciación del genoma han convertido la medicina personalizada en una perspectiva realista.ゲノム配列解読の進歩により、個別化医療が現実的な見通しとなった。게놈 서열 분석의 발전으로 개인 맞춤 의학이 현실적인 전망이 되었다.
- Scientists used genome editing techniques to develop disease-resistant crops. 科学家利用基因组编辑技术开发了抗病农作物。Los científicos utilizaron técnicas de edición del genoma para desarrollar cultivos resistentes a enfermedades.科学者たちはゲノム編集技術を用いて耐病性作物を開発した。과학자들은 게놈 편집 기술을 이용하여 내병성 작물을 개발했다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: academic, professional, media
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
Coined in 1920 by the German botanist Hans Winkler, blending 'gene' (from Greek genos, birth, origin) with the suffix '-ome' (from 'chromosome'), meaning a complete set.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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