commence
Meaning: To begin or start, especially in a formal, official, or ceremonial context where the beginning marks a significant or planned event.
Commence is the formal equivalent of 'begin' or 'start.' It is standard in legal documents (proceedings commence), contracts (the term shall commence on), military orders (operations commence at dawn), and academic ceremonies (commencement). Using 'commence' where 'start' would suffice can sound pompous in casual speech, but it is entirely appropriate in formal writing. It can be transitive or intransitive: one commences proceedings, or proceedings commence.
Examples
- Construction on the new terminal is expected to commence in the spring of next year. 新航站楼的建设预计将于明年春季开工。Se prevé que la construcción de la nueva terminal comience en la primavera del próximo año.新ターミナルの建設は来年の春に開始される予定である。신규 터미널 건설은 내년 봄에 착공할 예정이다.
- Legal proceedings will commence if the outstanding payments are not received within 28 days. 如果未在28天内收到未付款项,将启动法律诉讼程序。Se iniciarán acciones legales si los pagos pendientes no se reciben en un plazo de 28 días.未払い金が28日以内に受領されない場合、法的手続きが開始される。미납금이 28일 이내에 수령되지 않을 경우 법적 절차가 개시될 것이다.
- The academic year commences in late September with a formal matriculation ceremony. 学年于九月下旬以正式的入学典礼开始。El curso académico comienza a finales de septiembre con una ceremonia formal de matriculación.学年度は9月下旬に正式な入学式をもって始まる。학년도는 9월 하순 공식 입학식과 함께 시작된다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: legal, professional, academic
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
From Old French comencier (to begin), from Vulgar Latin cominitiare, from com- (intensive) + initiare (to begin, initiate). Entered English in the 14th century, largely displacing native 'begin' in formal registers.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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