abrasion
Meaning: A superficial wound in which the top layers of skin are scraped or worn away by friction against a rough surface.
Abrasion is used in both medical and general contexts. In medicine, it refers to grazes or scrapes that do not penetrate the full thickness of the skin. Outside medicine, the term describes the process of wearing down a surface through friction, as in geology or materials science. Collocations include 'corneal abrasion' (a scratch on the eye), 'road abrasion,' and 'abrasion-resistant.'
Examples
- The cyclist suffered minor abrasions to his knees and elbows after sliding across the tarmac. 那名自行车骑手在路面上滑行后,膝盖和肘部受了轻微擦伤。El ciclista sufrió abrasiones leves en las rodillas y los codos tras deslizarse por el asfalto.その自転車乗りは路面を滑った後、膝と肘に軽い擦過傷を負った。그 자전거 탑승자는 아스팔트 위로 미끄러진 후 무릎과 팔꿈치에 가벼운 찰과상을 입었다.
- A corneal abrasion can cause intense pain and sensitivity to light, though most heal within a few days. 角膜擦伤可引起剧烈疼痛和畏光,但大多数在几天内即可愈合。Una abrasión corneal puede causar un dolor intenso y sensibilidad a la luz, aunque la mayoría se curan en pocos días.角膜擦過傷は激しい痛みと光過敏を引き起こし得るが、ほとんどは数日以内に治癒する。각막 찰과상은 심한 통증과 빛에 대한 과민 반응을 유발할 수 있으나, 대부분 며칠 이내에 치유된다.
- The geologist explained how centuries of wind-driven abrasion had sculpted the sandstone into its distinctive shapes. 地质学家解释了数百年的风蚀作用如何将砂岩塑造成其独特的形状。El geólogo explicó cómo siglos de abrasión eólica habían esculpido la arenisca hasta darle sus formas características.地質学者は何世紀にもわたる風による浸食が砂岩をその独特な形に彫刻したことを説明した。지질학자는 수세기에 걸친 바람에 의한 침식이 사암을 그 독특한 형태로 조각했다고 설명했다.
Pronunciation
Usage Guide
Context: medical, general
Tone: neutral
Origin & History
From Latin abrasio (a scraping), from abradere (to scrape away), combining ab- (away) and radere (to scrape). Entered English in the 17th century.
Cultural Context
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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