viscous
의미: Having a thick, sticky consistency and high resistance to flow. In physics, it describes a fluid's internal friction, which determines how readily it moves under applied force.
Viscosity is measured in pascal-seconds (or the older unit, poise) and varies greatly between fluids — water has low viscosity, honey has high viscosity, and glass is sometimes described as an extremely viscous liquid. Temperature strongly affects viscosity: heating a viscous liquid typically makes it flow more freely. The term appears in engineering (lubricant selection), food science (sauce texture), geology (magma behaviour), and everyday description. It collocates with 'fluid,' 'flow,' 'drag,' and 'liquid.'
예문
- The geologist explained that the viscous lava from shield volcanoes flows gently, whereas thinner basaltic lava can travel at considerable speed. 地质学家解释说,盾状火山的黏稠岩浆流动缓慢,而较稀的玄武岩浆可以以相当快的速度移动。El geólogo explicó que la lava viscosa de los volcanes en escudo fluye suavemente, mientras que la lava basáltica más fluida puede desplazarse a considerable velocidad.地質学者は、楯状火山から流れ出る粘性の高い溶岩はゆっくり流れるのに対し、より粘度の低い玄武岩質溶岩はかなりの速度で流れることがあると説明した。지질학자는 순상 화산에서 나오는 점성이 높은 용암은 완만하게 흐르는 반면, 점도가 낮은 현무암질 용암은 상당한 속도로 흐를 수 있다고 설명했다.
- The chef reduced the sauce over a low heat until it reached a pleasingly viscous consistency that coated the back of a spoon. 厨师用小火将酱汁收浓,直到达到令人满意的黏稠度,能够挂在勺背上。El chef redujo la salsa a fuego lento hasta alcanzar una consistencia agradablemente viscosa que recubría el dorso de una cuchara.シェフはスプーンの背に適度にまとわりつく粘度になるまで、弱火でソースを煮詰めた。셰프는 숟가락 뒷면에 적당히 감기는 점도가 될 때까지 약한 불에서 소스를 졸였다.
- Engineers selected a more viscous lubricant for the gearbox to cope with the higher operating temperatures of the new engine. 工程师为变速箱选择了黏度更高的润滑油,以应对新发动机更高的工作温度。Los ingenieros seleccionaron un lubricante más viscoso para la caja de cambios a fin de soportar las temperaturas de funcionamiento más elevadas del nuevo motor.エンジニアたちは新型エンジンのより高い動作温度に対応するため、ギアボックスに粘度の高い潤滑油を選んだ。엔지니어들은 신형 엔진의 더 높은 작동 온도에 대응하기 위해 기어박스에 점도가 높은 윤활유를 선택했다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic, general
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Late Latin viscosus (sticky), from Latin viscum (mistletoe, birdlime), referring to the sticky substance extracted from mistletoe berries. Entered English in the 14th century.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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