venal
의미: Willing to act dishonestly or unethically in return for money or personal gain; susceptible to bribery or corruption.
Venal is frequently confused with 'venial' (of a sin, minor and forgivable), but the two words are opposites in severity. Venal is always strongly pejorative, describing moral corruption driven by greed. It is commonly applied to politicians, officials, judges, and institutions that have been compromised by financial incentives. The word implies systematic corruption rather than a single lapse of judgement.
예문
- The inquiry exposed a venal system in which planning permissions were routinely sold to the highest bidder. 调查揭露了一个腐败的体制,其中的规划许可被常态化地出售给出价最高者。La investigación destapó un sistema venal en el que las licencias urbanísticas se vendían sistemáticamente al mejor postor.その調査は、都市計画の許可が日常的に最高入札者に売られていた腐敗したシステムを暴いた。조사 결과, 도시계획 허가가 일상적으로 최고 입찰자에게 팔리는 부패한 시스템이 폭로되었다.
- Venal officials had diverted millions of pounds of aid money into private bank accounts. 贪腐的官员将数百万英镑的援助资金转移到了私人银行账户中。Funcionarios venales habían desviado millones de libras de fondos de ayuda a cuentas bancarias privadas.汚職官僚たちは数百万ポンドの援助資金を個人の銀行口座に流用していた。부패한 관리들이 수백만 파운드의 원조 자금을 개인 은행 계좌로 빼돌렸다.
- The novel paints a devastating portrait of a venal political class more interested in enrichment than governance. 这部小说描绘了一个贪婪的政治阶层的毁灭性画像,他们更热衷于中饱私囊而非治理国家。La novela traza un retrato devastador de una clase política venal más interesada en enriquecerse que en gobernar.その小説は、統治よりも私腹を肥やすことに関心を持つ腐敗した政治階級の壊滅的な肖像を描いている。그 소설은 통치보다 사복 축적에 더 관심을 가진 부패한 정치 계급의 참담한 초상을 그리고 있다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: journalism, political, legal
어조: disapproving
기원과 역사
From Latin venalis meaning for sale, from venum (sale). Entered English in the mid-17th century. Not to be confused with venial, which derives from Latin venia (forgiveness).
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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