summative
의미: Relating to assessment that evaluates a learner's achievement at the end of a period of study, course, or programme, producing a final grade or judgement.
Summative assessment contrasts with formative assessment: it is typically high-stakes, occurring at the end of a unit or course, and is used to certify, grade, or rank students. Examples include final examinations, dissertations, and standardised tests. Critics argue that an overreliance on summative assessment can lead to teaching to the test, while supporters emphasise its role in maintaining standards and accountability.
예문
- The end-of-year examinations serve as the primary summative assessment for each module. 期末考试是每个模块的主要终结性评估。Los exámenes de final de curso constituyen la principal evaluación sumativa de cada módulo.学年末の試験が各科目の主要な総括的評価となっている。학년말 시험이 각 과목의 주요 총괄적 평가 역할을 한다.
- Summative assessments are designed to measure what students have learned, rather than to guide further learning. 终结性评估旨在衡量学生学到了什么,而非指导进一步学习。Las evaluaciones sumativas están diseñadas para medir lo que los alumnos han aprendido, no para orientar el aprendizaje posterior.総括的評価は、さらなる学習を導くためではなく、学生が何を学んだかを測定するよう設計されている。총괄적 평가는 추가적인 학습을 이끄는 것이 아니라 학생이 무엇을 배웠는지를 측정하도록 설계된다.
- The school moved to a system that balances summative and formative assessment throughout the academic year. 该学校转向了一种在整个学年中平衡终结性评估和形成性评估的体系。El colegio adoptó un sistema que equilibra la evaluación sumativa y la formativa a lo largo del curso académico.その学校は学年を通じて総括的評価と形成的評価のバランスをとるシステムに移行した。그 학교는 학년 전체에 걸쳐 총괄적 평가와 형성적 평가의 균형을 맞추는 체계로 전환했다.
발음
사용 가이드
맥락: academic, professional
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin summativus, related to summa (sum, total), from summus (highest). The educational usage developed in the 20th century alongside modern assessment theory.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
이 주제의 다른 표현
More from Education & Pedagogy