sophistry
의미: The use of clever but fundamentally flawed reasoning, especially to deceive or mislead. An argument that sounds persuasive but is logically invalid.
Sophistry is always pejorative, implying intellectual dishonesty dressed up as rigour. The word derives from the Sophists of ancient Greece, itinerant teachers who taught rhetoric and argumentation for a fee and were criticised by Plato and Aristotle for prioritising persuasion over truth. In modern usage, accusations of sophistry are levelled at politicians, lawyers, and commentators who construct arguments that are superficially compelling but deliberately misleading. It is stronger than 'specious reasoning' and more contemptuous than 'fallacy.'
예문
- The editorial dismissed the minister's defence of the policy as pure sophistry, noting that the statistics had been cherry-picked to mislead. 社论将部长对该政策的辩护斥为纯粹的诡辩,指出统计数据被有选择性地挑选以误导公众。El editorial desestimó la defensa de la política por parte del ministro como pura sofistería, señalando que las estadísticas habían sido seleccionadas a conveniencia para inducir a error.社説はその政策に対する大臣の弁護を純粋な詭弁として退け、統計データが誤解を招くよう恣意的に選ばれていたと指摘した。사설은 그 정책에 대한 장관의 변호를 순수한 궤변이라고 일축하며, 통계 데이터가 오도하기 위해 선별적으로 선택되었다고 지적했다.
- His argument had the surface gloss of logic, but on closer inspection it was nothing more than sophistry. 他的论证表面上具有逻辑的光泽,但仔细审视后不过是诡辩而已。Su argumento tenía el brillo superficial de la lógica, pero, tras un examen más detenido, no era más que sofistería.彼の議論は表面的には論理の光沢を帯びていたが、仔細に検討すれば詭弁にすぎなかった。그의 논증은 표면적으로 논리의 광택을 띠고 있었지만, 자세히 살펴보면 궤변에 불과했다.
- The barrister's sophistry may have impressed the jury, but it did not withstand scrutiny on appeal. 律师的诡辩或许给陪审团留下了深刻印象,但在上诉审查中经不起推敲。La sofistería del abogado puede haber impresionado al jurado, pero no resistió el escrutinio en la apelación.弁護士の詭弁は陪審員に感銘を与えたかもしれないが、控訴審の精査には耐えられなかった。변호사의 궤변은 배심원에게 감명을 주었을지 모르나, 항소심의 면밀한 검토에는 견디지 못했다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic, journalism, legal
어조: critical
기원과 역사
From Greek sophistria, from sophistes (wise man, teacher), from sophos (wise, clever). The pejorative sense emerged from Plato's attacks on the Sophist school in the 4th century BCE.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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