slander
의미: A false spoken statement that damages a person's reputation; the spoken form of defamation. As a verb, to make such damaging false statements about someone.
Slander is the oral counterpart to libel. In English law, slander claims traditionally require proof of actual financial loss (special damages), unlike libel which is actionable without proving specific harm. However, there are exceptions — slander alleging criminal behaviour, disease, or professional incompetence is actionable without proof of loss. In everyday usage, people often use 'slander' loosely to mean any false accusation, regardless of whether it was spoken or written.
예문
- She accused her former business partner of slander after he told clients that she had been convicted of fraud. 她指控前商业伙伴犯了口头诽谤罪,因为他告诉客户她曾因欺诈被定罪。Acusó a su antiguo socio comercial de calumnia después de que este contara a los clientes que ella había sido condenada por fraude.彼女は元ビジネスパートナーが顧客に彼女が詐欺で有罪判決を受けたと伝えた後、名誉毀損で訴えました。그녀는 전 사업 파트너가 고객들에게 그녀가 사기죄로 유죄 판결을 받았다고 말한 후, 구두 명예훼손(slander)으로 고소했습니다.
- The allegations were nothing more than slander, and he threatened legal action against anyone who repeated them. 这些指控不过是诽谤,他威胁要对任何传播这些指控的人采取法律行动。Las acusaciones no eran más que calumnias, y amenazó con emprender acciones legales contra cualquiera que las repitiera.それらの主張は単なる中傷に過ぎず、彼はそれを繰り返す者に対して法的措置を取ると警告しました。그 주장들은 단순한 중상모략에 불과했으며, 그는 이를 반복하는 자에 대해 법적 조치를 취하겠다고 경고했습니다.
- In law, slander is generally harder to prove than libel because spoken words are more difficult to evidence. 在法律上,口头诽谤通常比文字诽谤更难证明,因为口头言辞更难以取证。En derecho, la calumnia es generalmente más difícil de probar que el libelo porque las palabras habladas son más difíciles de documentar.法律上、口頭での名誉毀損は一般的に文書による名誉毀損より証明が難しいとされています。なぜなら口頭の発言は証拠として残しにくいからです。법적으로, 구두 명예훼손(slander)은 일반적으로 서면 명예훼손(libel)보다 증명이 어렵습니다. 구두 발언은 증거로 남기기가 더 어렵기 때문입니다.
발음
사용 가이드
맥락: academic, professional
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Old French esclandre (scandal, slander), from Latin scandalum (cause of stumbling, offence), itself from Greek skandalon (a snare, a stumbling block). The modern legal distinction from libel developed in English common law.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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