retribution
의미: Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act; just or deserved punishment.
Retribution implies punishment that is considered justified or deserved — a moral reckoning for wrongdoing. 'Divine retribution,' 'fear of retribution,' and 'swift retribution' are common collocations. In criminal justice theory, 'retributive justice' holds that punishment is morally justified because the offender deserves it, in contrast to 'restorative justice' which focuses on rehabilitation. The word carries a strong moral dimension that mere 'punishment' lacks.
예문
- Witnesses were reluctant to come forward, fearing retribution from the criminal gang. 证人不愿出面作证,因为害怕犯罪团伙的报复。Los testigos se mostraban reacios a declarar por temor a las represalias de la banda criminal.証人たちは犯罪組織からの報復を恐れて名乗り出ることを渋った。증인들은 범죄 조직의 보복을 두려워하여 나서기를 꺼렸다.
- The community called for swift retribution against those responsible for the vandalism. 社区要求对那些破坏公物的人进行迅速的惩罚。La comunidad exigió un castigo rápido para los responsables del vandalismo.地域住民は器物損壊の責任者に対する迅速な処罰を求めた。지역 주민들은 기물 파손 책임자에 대한 신속한 처벌을 요구했다.
- Retributive justice holds that punishment should be proportional to the severity of the crime. 报应性正义认为,惩罚应与犯罪的严重程度成比例。La justicia retributiva sostiene que el castigo debe ser proporcional a la gravedad del delito.応報的正義は、罰は犯罪の重大性に比例すべきであると主張する。응보적 정의는 처벌이 범죄의 중대성에 비례해야 한다고 주장한다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: media, legal, academic
어조: negative
기원과 역사
From Latin retributionem (repayment), from retribuere (to pay back), from re- (back) + tribuere (to assign, grant). Originally a neutral term meaning 'repayment,' it narrowed to specifically mean deserved punishment.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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