resistivity
의미: An intrinsic property of a material that quantifies how strongly it opposes the flow of electric current, measured in ohm-metres and serving as the reciprocal of conductivity.
Resistivity is distinct from resistance: resistance depends on the dimensions of a specific object, while resistivity is an inherent material property independent of shape or size. Materials are classified as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators based on their resistivity values. In geophysics, electrical resistivity surveys are used to map subsurface structures, locate aquifers, and detect archaeological remains.
예문
- The resistivity of silicon can be precisely controlled by introducing impurities, a process known as doping. 硅的电阻率可以通过引入杂质来精确控制,这一过程称为掺杂。La resistividad del silicio puede controlarse con precisión mediante la introducción de impurezas, un proceso conocido como dopaje.シリコンの抵抗率は、ドーピングと呼ばれる不純物の導入によって精密に制御できる。실리콘의 저항률은 도핑이라고 하는 불순물 주입 과정을 통해 정밀하게 제어할 수 있다.
- Geophysical resistivity surveys revealed a buried Roman road beneath the farmer's field in Gloucestershire. 地球物理电阻率勘测在格洛斯特郡一位农民的田地下发现了一条埋藏的罗马古道。Los sondeos geofísicos de resistividad revelaron una calzada romana enterrada bajo el campo de un agricultor en Gloucestershire.地球物理学的な抵抗率探査により、グロスターシャーの農場の地下にローマ時代の道路が埋まっていることが判明した。지구물리학적 저항률 탐사를 통해 글로스터셔의 농지 아래에 로마 시대 도로가 매장되어 있음이 밝혀졌다.
- At extremely low temperatures, certain materials exhibit zero resistivity, a phenomenon known as superconductivity. 在极低温度下,某些材料展现出零电阻率,这种现象被称为超导性。A temperaturas extremadamente bajas, ciertos materiales presentan una resistividad nula, fenómeno conocido como superconductividad.極低温では、ある種の材料がゼロ抵抗率を示す。この現象は超伝導として知られている。극저온에서 특정 재료는 제로 저항률을 나타내는데, 이 현상을 초전도라 한다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: scientific, academic
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin resistere (to stand back, withstand) combined with the suffix -ivity. The term developed in the 19th century as electrical science formalised the distinction between resistance and resistivity.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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