rationalism
의미: The philosophical theory that reason and logical thinking, rather than experience or sensory evidence, are the primary source of knowledge and truth; more broadly, a belief in the power of reason to solve problems.
Rationalism is the traditional counterpart to empiricism. The great Continental rationalists — Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz — argued that certain truths can be known through reason alone without relying on the senses. Descartes's 'I think, therefore I am' is the quintessential rationalist argument. In everyday usage, 'rationalist' describes someone who bases decisions on logic rather than emotion or superstition. The Enlightenment is often characterised as an age of rationalism.
예문
- Descartes's rationalism began with radical doubt, stripping away all beliefs until he reached the certainty of his own thinking existence. 笛卡尔的理性主义从彻底的怀疑开始,剥去一切信念,直到他达到自身思维存在的确定性。El racionalismo de Descartes partió de la duda radical, despojándose de todas las creencias hasta alcanzar la certeza de su propia existencia pensante.デカルトの合理主義は徹底的な懐疑から始まり、自らの思考する存在の確実性に至るまですべての信念を剥ぎ取った。데카르트의 합리주의는 철저한 회의에서 출발하여, 자신의 사유하는 존재의 확실성에 도달할 때까지 모든 믿음을 벗겨냈다.
- The Enlightenment was driven by rationalism — the belief that human reason could unlock the secrets of nature and improve society. 启蒙运动由理性主义驱动——相信人类理性能够揭示自然的秘密并改善社会。La Ilustración fue impulsada por el racionalismo: la creencia de que la razón humana podía desvelar los secretos de la naturaleza y mejorar la sociedad.啓蒙時代は合理主義——人間の理性が自然の秘密を解き明かし、社会を改善できるという信念——によって推進された。계몽시대는 합리주의——인간의 이성이 자연의 비밀을 밝히고 사회를 개선할 수 있다는 믿음——에 의해 추동되었다.
- Her rationalist approach to problem-solving meant she always insisted on data and evidence before making any decision. 她理性主义的问题解决方法意味着她总是在做任何决定之前坚持要有数据和证据。Su enfoque racionalista de la resolución de problemas implicaba que siempre insistía en disponer de datos y pruebas antes de tomar cualquier decisión.彼女の合理主義的な問題解決アプローチは、いかなる決定を下す前にも常にデータと証拠を求めることを意味した。그녀의 합리주의적 문제 해결 접근 방식은 어떤 결정을 내리기 전에도 항상 데이터와 증거를 요구하는 것을 의미했다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin rationalis (of or belonging to reason), from ratio (reason, calculation), from reri (to think, to reckon). The philosophical school developed in the 17th century, though the word entered English earlier.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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