punitive
의미: Inflicting or intended as punishment; (of a cost or tax) extremely high and severe.
Punitive has a legal sense and a financial sense. In law, 'punitive damages' are awarded to punish wrongdoing beyond mere compensation. 'Punitive measures' and 'punitive sanctions' are imposed as punishment, especially in international relations. In everyday usage, 'punitive' can describe anything unreasonably harsh or severe — 'punitive interest rates,' 'punitive working conditions.' The word implies that the severity goes beyond what is necessary or fair.
예문
- The court awarded punitive damages of two million pounds to deter future corporate negligence. 法院判处二百万英镑的惩罚性赔偿,以震慑企业今后的疏忽行为。El tribunal concedió una indemnización punitiva de dos millones de libras para disuadir futuras negligencias empresariales.裁判所は今後の企業の過失を抑止するため、二百万ポンドの懲罰的損害賠償を認めた。법원은 향후 기업 과실을 억제하기 위해 2백만 파운드의 징벌적 손해배상을 인정했다.
- The punitive sanctions imposed on the country have had a devastating impact on its civilian population. 对该国实施的惩罚性制裁对其平民产生了毁灭性影响。Las sanciones punitivas impuestas al país han tenido un impacto devastador en su población civil.その国に課された懲罰的制裁は、民間人に壊滅的な影響を与えた。그 나라에 부과된 징벌적 제재는 민간인에게 파괴적인 영향을 미쳤다.
- Many small businesses struggle with the punitive rates charged by credit card companies. 许多小企业在信用卡公司收取的惩罚性费率下苦苦挣扎。Muchas pequeñas empresas luchan con los tipos punitivos que cobran las compañías de tarjetas de crédito.多くの中小企業がクレジットカード会社の懲罰的な手数料率に苦しんでいる。많은 중소기업이 신용카드 회사의 징벌적인 수수료율에 시달리고 있다.
발음
사용 가이드
맥락: legal, media, professional
어조: negative
기원과 역사
From Medieval Latin punitivus, from Latin punitus, past participle of punire (to punish), from poena (penalty, punishment), from Greek poine (penalty). The 'excessively harsh' sense developed in the 19th century.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
이 주제의 다른 표현
More from General Advanced