penurious
의미: Extremely poor; or excessively unwilling to spend money. Can describe either genuine poverty or miserly behaviour.
Penurious has two distinct senses that sometimes overlap. The first describes genuine, grinding poverty — a 'penurious existence.' The second describes a person who is stingy or parsimonious despite having means. In practice, context usually makes the intended sense clear. The word is literary and somewhat archaic, found more often in novels and historical writing than in journalism. The related noun 'penury' (extreme poverty) is more common.
예문
- The family lived in penurious circumstances, barely able to afford coal for the fire. 一家人生活在赤贫的环境中,几乎买不起取暖用的煤。La familia vivía en circunstancias penosas, apenas capaz de costearse carbón para la chimenea.その家族は極貧の暮らしを送り、暖炉用の石炭を買う余裕もほとんどなかった。그 가족은 극빈한 환경에서 살았으며, 난로에 쓸 석탄을 살 여유조차 거의 없었다.
- Despite his considerable fortune, the landlord was notoriously penurious with his tenants. 尽管拥有可观的财富,这位地主对租户却以吝啬闻名。A pesar de su considerable fortuna, el casero era notoriamente penurioso con sus inquilinos.かなりの財産があるにもかかわらず、その大家は借家人に対してけちなことで有名だった。상당한 재산에도 불구하고 그 집주인은 세입자들에게 인색하기로 악명 높았다.
- Years of penurious living had taught her to waste nothing and save everything. 多年的贫苦生活教会了她不浪费任何东西,储蓄一切。Años de vida penuriosa le habían enseñado a no desperdiciar nada y a ahorrar todo.長年の窮乏生活が、彼女に何も無駄にせず全てを蓄えることを教えた。오랜 세월의 궁핍한 생활이 그녀에게 아무것도 낭비하지 않고 모든 것을 저축하는 법을 가르쳤다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: literary, historical
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin penuriosus (needy), from penuria (want, scarcity), possibly related to paene (almost). Entered English in the late 16th century.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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